"Shan Hai Jing" is an ancient book in the pre-Qin period and one of the oldest strange books of the Chinese nation. The book has 18 chapters, about 31,000 words. It has 5 chapters of the mountain scriptures, 4 chapters of the overseas scriptures, 5 chapters of the domestic scriptures, and 4 chapters of the Great Wilderness scriptures. It is the oldest geography book rich in myths and legends. It mainly records ancient geography, properties, myths, witchcraft, religion, etc., as well as ancient history, medicine, folk customs, ethnic groups, etc. In addition, "Shan Hai Jing" also records some strange events in the form of a flowing account, and there is still a large debate about these events.

Features: "Shan Hai Jing" is a book that describes pictures; it retains a large amount of historical materials from ancient times; it is related to the Eastern Yi tribe; the book consists of two parts, and "Shan Hai Jing" and "Shan Jing" are each integrated.

1【Single Beast】用

The beast that eats people in the north is like a dog. It is said to be a divine beast in the sea. It looks like a horse and has scales. It spits fire in the mouth, is extremely fierce and eats dragon brains. It is more common after the Song Dynasty.

2【Single Beast】Beast

[Original text] The Meng River comes from the mountain of Qi, flowing southward into the ocean water, with many yellow shells in it; the fish body and bird wings are like mandarin ducks, and the town is flooded when it sees it.

[Note] ① Huangbei: According to the ancients, it was a beetle with flesh like a tadpole, but it has a head and a tail.

[Translation] The Meng River originates from this mountain and flows south into the ocean water. There are many yellow shells in the water; there are also a kind of celestial fish with fish body but bird wings, and the sound makes it like a mandarin duck and bird singing. Wherever it appears, there will be floods.

3【Single Beast】Qiuqi

[Original text] There is a beast on it, which looks like a cow and hedgehog's hair, called Qiongqi, and sounds like a howling dog, which is a cannibal.

[Translation] On Mount Qi, there is a wild beast on the mountain, which looks like an ordinary cow, but has hedgehog hair all over the body, and its name is Qiongqi. Its sounds like a dog barking and eating people.

4【Single Beast】Tian Dog

[Original text] There is a beast in Yinshan. Its shape is like a raccoon and its head is white, and its name is Tiangou. Its sounds like a cucumber, which can control evil spirits.

[Translation] Yinshan, there is a wild beast in the mountains, shaped like a wild cat but has a white head, and its name is Tiangou. Their call is similar to the pronunciation of "Liuliu". People raise it to ward off evil spirits.

5【Single Beast】Fei

[Original text] There are no plants and trees in Zhang'e, many jade and green. What is strange is that there are beasts, which are like red leopards, five tails and one corners, and their sound is like hitting a stone. Its name is Zheng.

[Translation] Zhang'e Mountain, there are no flowers, plants and trees on the mountain, and there are beautiful jades like jade and green everywhere. Very strange objects often appear in the mountain. There is a kind of wild beast in the mountain, shaped like a red leopard, with five tails and one horn, and the sound made is like a knocking on a stone, with its name being slaughtered.

6【Single Beast】Fertilizer (Bird)

[Original text] There is a bird in Yingshan, which looks like a quail, with a yellow body and a red beak. Its name is fat and litter. It is eaten after being sucked and can kill insects.

[Note] ① Quail: The abbreviation of "quail", is a bird with a body shape that looks like a chick, with a small head and a short tail, aurora of feathers and yellow-white stripes. Male quails are aggressive ②: leprosy, that is, leprosy.

[Translation] Yingshan, there is a kind of bird in the mountains, which looks like an ordinary quail bird, with a yellow body and a red mouth, and its name is Feiyi. People can cure leprosy by eating its meat and kill parasites in the body.

7【Single Beast】Phoenix

[Original text] There is a bird in the mountain in Danzuo. Its shape is like a chicken. Its five-colored and written text is called Fenghuang①. The first text is called virtue, the wing text is called righteousness, the back text is called ritual, the thigh ② text is called benevolence, and the belly text is called faith. This is a bird, and the diet is natural, singing and dancing by itself. If you see it, the world will be peaceful.

[Note] ① Fenghuang: same as "phoenix", it is the bird king in ancient legends. The male is called "phoenix", and the female is called "phoenix". According to the ancients, its shape is the head of a chicken, the neck of a snake, the chin of a swallow, the back of a turtle, the tail of a fish, the colorful color, about six feet high. ② Boob: chest.

[Translation] Danxue Mountain, there is a bird in the mountain, shaped like an ordinary chicken, with colorful feathers all over the body, the name is phoenix, the pattern on the head is shaped like the character "de", the pattern on the wings is shaped like the character "Xi", the pattern on the back is shaped like the character "Li", the pattern on the chest is shaped like the character "ren", and the pattern on the abdomen is shaped like the character "Xin". This bird called phoenix eats and drinks naturally and calmly, and often sings and dances at the same time, and the world will be peaceful as soon as it appears.

8【Single Beast】Gu Eagle

[Original text] There are no plants and trees on the mountain in Luwu, and there are many metals and stones. The water of Ze Geng comes out and flows southward into Pangshui. There are beasts in the water, called Gu Diao. Its shape is like a carving and has horns, and its sound is like a baby, which is a cannibal.

[Translation] Five hundred miles further east is Luwu Mountain. There are no flowers, plants and trees on the mountain, but there are rich metal minerals and jade. Ze Gengshui originates from this mountain and then flows south into Pangshui. There is a wild beast in the water, named Gu Diao, which is shaped like an ordinary eagle but has horns on its head. The sound it makes is like a baby crying, which can eat people.

9【Single Beast】Nine-tailed Fox

[Original text] There are beasts on the mountain in Qingqiu. Its shape is like a fox and its nine tails, its sound is like a baby, and it can eat people; those who eat are not gu.

[Translation] Qingqiu Mountain, there is a wild beast in the mountain, shaped like a fox but has nine tails, and its roaring sound is similar to a baby's crying, and it can devour people; eating its meat can prevent people from being infected with evil spirits.

10【Singular Beast】Spiral Turtle

[Original text] The mountain of Weiyang. Strange water comes out, and flows eastward into the water of Xianyi. Among them, there are many black turtles, which look like turtles and birds have heads and tails①. Its name is the spiral turtle. Its sound is like a judging wood. If it is not deaf, it can be the bottom of ②.

[Note] ①单: poisonous snake.②: treatment. Here is the meaning of treatment, treatment. Bottom: Here is the same as "单", which means thick skin caused by long-term friction of the palms or soles of the feet, commonly known as "calls".

【Translation】Fengyang Mountain. Strange water originates from this mountain and then flows eastward into Xianyi Water. There are many dark red turtles in the water, shaped like ordinary turtles but with bird-like heads and snake-like tails. The name is the spiral turtle. The sound is like the sound made when splitting wood. Wearing it can prevent people from hearing the ears and heal calluses in the soles of their feet.

11【Qinglong】

The green dragon, also known as "Canglong", is the god of the east in ancient mythology. The dragon is the totem of the Chinese nation. Since Huangdi gave his mission to the sky and his power in all directions, the dragon has become a symbol of the Chinese nation and even the entire China. The more clear shape was in the Han Dynasty. Since the Han Dynasty, the dragon was determined to be the symbol and representative of the emperor. In Eastern legends, the green dragon body is like a long snake, a kirin head, a carp tail, a long beard on the face, a horn like a deer, and has five claws, and looks majestic. In Western mythology, the dragon is more like a lizard with wings.

12【White Tiger】

In China, the white tiger is a god of war and a god of killing. The tiger has various divine powers such as warding off evil, warding disasters, praying for wealth and punishing evil, promoting good, making money and getting rich, and getting married. It is one of the four spirits, and of course it is also transformed from stars. It is from the twenty-eight constellations, the seven constellations in the West: Kui, Lou, Wei, Ang, Bi, Bi, and Shen. Therefore, it is the representative of the West, and its whiteness is because it is the West. The West belongs to metal in the five elements and its color is white. Therefore, it is called the white tiger not because it is white, but from the five elements.

13【Xuanwu】

Xuanwu is a kind of spiritual object composed of turtles and snakes. The original meaning of Xuanwu is Xuanming. Wu and Ming is the ancient sounds of Ming. Wu means black; Ming means Yin. Xuanming initially described turtle divination: the back of the turtle is black, and turtle divination means asking the turtle to the dark to ask the ancestors, bring the answer back, and display it to the world in the form of a divination sign. Therefore, the earliest Xuanwu was a turtle. Later, the meaning of Xuanming continued to expand. Turtles lived in rivers, lakes and seas (including sea turtles), so Xuanming became the water god; the turtle lived for a long time, and Xuanming became the symbol of immortality; the original Ming was in the north, and the oracle bone divination of the Shang Dynasty, the "divine must go north", so Xuanming became the northern god.

14【Surpriser Bird】

In China, the phoenix is ​​a spiritual object that represents happiness. Its original shapes are many, such as the pheasant, peacock, eagle, swan, black bird (swallow), etc.

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It is also said that it was turned into a golden-winged bird in Buddhism. In the phoenix myth, the phoenix has a chicken's head, a swallow's chin, a snake's neck, a fish's tail, and five-color patterns. There are also five varieties of phoenixes, divided by color: red is a phoenix, a blue is a phoenix, a white is a swan, and yellow and purple is a phoenix, which can also be said to be a vermilion bird or a black bird. Vermilion bird is one of the four spirits, and like the other three, it comes from the stars and is the general name of the seven constellations in the south: well, ghost, Liu, Xing, Zhang, Yi, and Zhen. It is associated with it. Zhu is red, like fire, and the south belongs to fire, so it is called a phoenix. It also has the characteristic of heavy body from fire, just like the immortal bird in the west, so it is also called a fire phoenix.

15【子文】Pinyin táowù

A kind of beast in ancient legends.

The slab is very similar to a tiger, with long hair, human face, tiger feet, pigs, mouth teeth, and tails. It is used to describe people with stubborn and vicious attitudes.

According to legend, it is the son of Zhuanxu, the emperor of the northern heaven, and its name is Ao Jue and Hard to Scholar. From these names, it can be roughly inferred that its actions are. Like Qiongqi, Jade and Shi later became one of the four evildoers.

16 [Chaos] pronunciation: hùndùn

The ancient book "Shenyi Jing" says: Hun Dun looks like a dog on the outside, has four feet without claws, has eyes but is inconvenient to walk, has wings, bullies kind-hearted and likes cruel people, so people who do not distinguish between right and wrong are called "Hun Dun".

17【Taotie】pronunciation tāotiè

It is the fifth son of the legendary dragon, and it is an imagined mysterious monster. The ancient book "Shan Hai Jing" introduces its characteristics: the body of a sheep, eyes are under the armpits, tiger teeth and human claws, a big head and a big mouth. It is very greedy and eats whatever you see. Because of eating too much, it is finally overwhelmed. Later, the greedy person is called "Taotie".

18【Shui Qilin】

A creature with kind character and powerful demonic power, who understands the principles of the world, is versed in heaven, can listen to the destiny of heaven, and is the divine beast of the king.

19【Bai Ze】

The famous divine beast on Kunlun Mountain is snow-white all over, can speak human words and understand the feelings of all things, and rarely appears. Unless a saint was governed by the world at that time, he came with books. It is auspicious beast that can turn people into good fortune.

20【Bifang】

A bird, shaped like a crane, has a foot, with red patterns and white beak.

21【Xiezhì】xièzhì

It is an ancient divine beast in ancient Chinese legend. The large ones are like cows and small ones are like sheeps, similar to a unicorn. It has thick and dark hair all over its body, bright and spiritual eyes, and a horn on its forehead, commonly known as a unicorn. It has a high level of wisdom and understands human nature. It has a wide eyelid, can distinguish right from wrong, can recognize good, evil, loyalty and treacherous, and finds evil officials, and then touches them with their horns and eats them.

22【Henggong Fish】

Born in Shihu, this lake is always ice-cold. It is seven or eight feet long, shaped like a carp and red. It is in the water during the day and turns into a human being at night. If it is pricked, it will not die if it is cooked. If it is cooked with two black plums, it will die. If it is eaten, it will cure evil diseases.

23【王生】Bì'àn

The squid, also known as the Charter, looks like a tiger. It is the seventh son. It has always been fond of lawsuits, but it has power. The tiger-headed decoration on the upper part of the prison gate is its portrait. It is said that the squid is not only eager for justice, but also speaks for justice, but also can distinguish right from wrong, and be impartial and decisive. In addition, its image is majestic. In addition, it is decorated on the prison gate, it also lies on both sides of the lobby of the government office. Whenever the chief of the yamen sits in the hall, the chief executive holds a plaque and a quiet avoidance card, it has its image. It is eyeing it, inspecting around and maintaining the solemn and righteousness of the court... "Tianlu Zhiyu·Dragon Seed": "The nine types of dragon sons have their own preferences... The fourth is the squid, which looks like a tiger, so it stands in the prison gate."

24 [Kui] pronunciation: kuí (second tone)

"Shan Hai Jing·Great Wilderness Sutra" records: There is a mountain of Liubo in the East China Sea, which enters the sea for seven thousand miles. There is a beast on it, which looks like a cow, with a green body without horns, and a foot. When entering and exiting the water, it will inevitably be wind and rain. Its light is like the sun and the moon, and its sound is like thunder. Its name is Kui. Huangdi got it and used its skin as a drum, and used the bones of the thunder beast, and the Śrāvaka 500 miles to power the world.

Legend has it that there is a "Liupo Mountain" in the East China Sea, where Kui lives on this mountain. Kui's body and head are like a cow, but they have no horns, and only one leg, and their whole body is blue-black. It is said that Kui emits light like the sun and the moon and thunder. As long as it goes in and out of the water, it will definitely cause a storm. In the war between Huangdi and Chiyou, Huangdi captured Kui, used its skin to make a snare drum, and used its bones as drumsticks. As a result, the sound of hitting this drum can spread across a radius of 500 miles, greatly boosting the morale of the Huangdi army and shocking Chiyou army.

Kui was born with heaven and earth. There were only three or more in the world. The first and the second was killed by Qin Shihuang. However, Qin Shihuang did not have the achievements of Huangdi, so the drum made of Kui's skin was not that magical.

25【English tricks】

The human face and horse body have tiger patterns, bird wings, and the sound is like a prune. It is known as the god who looks at the garden for the Emperor of Heaven, but it looks like a divine beast at best.

26【Dangkang】

The teeth-shaped piglet is named after the sound of the sound. It can be predicted to have a good harvest.

27 [Extraordinary Beast] Yinglong

In the northeast corner of the Great Wilderness, there is a mountain called the evil pie mound. Yinglong is located in the South Pole ①, killing Chiyou and Kuafu ②, but not being able to go up again, so it is drought. The drought is like Yinglong, which causes heavy rain. [Note] ① Yinglong: a legendary dragon with wings. ② Chiyou: The leader of the Jiuli tribe in the East used gold as weapons and could call clouds and rain. ③ Number: repeated, frequent.

In the great wilderness, there was a mountain called Chengdu Zaitian. Someone was called two yellow snakes and called two yellow snakes. Houtu gave birth to Xin, and Xin gave birth to Kuafu. Kuafu was not capable of chasing the sun and the scenery was ①, and caught it at Yugu. He was about to drink the river but was not enough, and was about to walk through the river. Before he arrived, he died here. Yinglong had killed Chiyou and killed Kuafu again, so he went to the south to settle it, so it rained heavily in the south. [Note] ① Scene: the original character of "shadow". ② Arre: arrive, and. ③ killed Kuafu again: First, it said that Kuafu died because of chasing the sun, and then it said that Kuafu was killed by Yinglong, which is a difference in myths and legends.

28【Single Beast】Red Pig (rú)

The legendary name of a different fish is that the human face is like a mandarin duck, and eating can cure diseases. It was first seen in the pre-Qin period.

【Original text】 "Shan Hai Jing·Nan Shan Jing": "The mountain in Qingqiu... Ying Water comes out, flows southward into the lake of Zhiyi. There are many red pigs, which look like fish and faces with humans, and their sound is like mandarin ducks, so they are not scabies when eaten."

29 [Extraordinary Beast] Destroy Mengbi, bird, green feather, and red tail, also called Mengbi.

30【Sky Fox】

The legendary fairy fox is a magical art of heaven.

"Xuanzhong Ji: Telling the Fox": "Fox, at the age of fifty, can change as a woman; at the age of a hundred, it is a beauty, a divine witch..., can know things from thousands of miles away, be good at the charm of the witch, and make people confused and demented; at the age of a thousand, it is connected with the sky."

31【Single Beast】Evil-repelling

People in the south call Pixiu, also known as Tianlu, is a divine beast in ancient Chinese mythology. It has a dragon head, horse body, and unicorn feet. It looks like a lion, with a grayish-white fur and can fly. Pixiu is fierce and mighty. It is responsible for patrol work in the sky, preventing demons, ghosts, plagues and diseases from disturbing the heaven.

32【Singerful Beast】Xing Tian

A character in ancient Chinese mythology and legends. Also known as the Star of Heaven.
To be continued...