"Sit," Zheng Lang came to the long pavilion, patted the railing and said.

Someone in the Changting Pavilion said goodbye, and one of them looked sharp-eyed and suddenly shouted: "Duke Zheng."

"You guys talk, I'll say a few words to Zeng Zixuan," Zheng Lang said.

What else were we talking about? They all looked at Zheng Lang and Zeng Bu with admiration. Zeng Bu and Zheng Lang didn't care. Zheng Lang said again: "Who do I have the courage to touch this shovel?"

"That's right, that's right." Zeng Bu stroked his chest nervously.

Regarding this disadvantage, Zheng Lang would never write it when he wrote the overview in his previous life, and he seemed to have never seen anyone else write it, but it does exist and the problem is very serious.

When it comes to shoveling the tenant, you must know two terms: permanent tenant power and permanent tenant system.

The Tang Dynasty was a system of tribe farmers, and some tenants with slight personal freedom had begun to appear, and the other was small and medium-sized peasants. Small and medium-sized peasants were the focus of the Tang Dynasty's tax collection. However, the general policy of the Tang Dynasty was to prohibit population mobility. By the Song Dynasty, barbarian and backward tribe systems still existed in remote barbarian areas in the south. The Central Plains and the southeast, even the economically developed Chengdu Fulu, Hebei, Hedong, Shaanxi, and the tribe systems disappeared. Not only did the Song Dynasty attach importance to internal governance, but it was also an inevitable product of social development. At the same time, the Song Dynasty no longer prohibited the people from moving, which also made the tribe systems of the Tang Dynasty unable to exist.

Therefore, a temporary new system has emerged, that is, the permanent tenant system. The landlords have the ownership of the land for cultivated land, but the big landlords cannot have the ability to cultivate all of them by themselves. They must rent them to tenants. The tenant signs a lease with the main household and pays a certain amount of money or property. The main household has the right to collect rent at that time, but the tenant farmers have the right to permanently cultivate the landlord's land. I raise chickens, grow rice, and beans, and it has nothing to do with the landlord. In theory, the tenant farmers also have the right to withdraw tenant. For example, Zheng Lang develops the south. I want to live a good life. If I don't rent your land, the main household has no right to stop it. This is a kind of protection for the weak groups in the subconscious of the rulers of the Song Dynasty. Of course, this is a theory. Without the cooperation of the government, it will be very difficult to implement the tenant withdrawal, and if it is not done well, I will have the right to sue. In addition, there is also the right to sublease and sell tenant, and the landlord cannot interfere. The premise is that it cannot affect the landlord's collection of rent, otherwise they will have to sue again.

The second is the permanent tenant right. As a vulnerable group, theoretically the system is speaking from their side, with a lot of free space for operation, and as long as the rent is paid on time, you can cultivate the rented land indefinitely. Even if the landlord's land ownership changes, the tenant's right to cultivate the farming rights will not be affected. For example, if C rents Party A's arable land, Party A sells the land to Party B. The lease between Party C and Party A still takes effect, and Party B has no right to ban Party C's lease. On the contrary, Party C encounters some situations, such as fleeing famine, if the imperial court needs moderate immigration, or if there is a better way out, you can withdraw the tenant at any time.

It should be said that it was a great progress in feudal society. We should specifically thank Zhao Kuangyi, not Zhao Kuangyin. Zhao Kuangyi attached importance to internal governance, but unlike Zhao Kuangyin when he wanted to reward and appease a large number of meritorious officials. Under his governance, the permanent tenancy system and permanent tenancy rights gradually improved.

The main households here not only include various landlords, but also the court, such as the court's official fields, academic fields, archers' fields, camp fields, pastoral supervision, etc.

There are also many types of fields. The first type is still the main arable land, including rice fields and wheat fields, as well as the "mountain" of various tea and fruit trees, the "land" of non-mainstream grains, and the "mountain" on the hillside. The second type is some fishing grounds occupied by powerful people near the sea. The third type is the "moss land" where lotus roots, rock starch, wild grass, reeds grow, "rosewood land", "rosewood land", "rosewood land", "rosewood land", etc. The fourth type is various grasslands, woodland, and bamboo forests. The fifth type is vegetable gardens and mulberry fields, which have the highest rent. The sixth type is state-owned or privately owned houses and house foundations. Especially the sixth type, the imperial court earns at least one million yuan in a year, and it can reach four million yuan in a long time. A considerable income.

At the beginning of the founding of the Song Dynasty, the population was not large. There were only three million households during the reign of Emperor Taizu of Song, and more than four million households were developed during the reign of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. In the late Song Dynasty, there were more than eight million households. During the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, there were more than ten million households. Therefore, the main household was relatively polite to tenant farmers. Some tenant farmers even disrespected the main households and delayed the rent. The Song Dynasty had to enact legislation to provide some protection for the main households. That was the early Song Dynasty. When the Song Dynasty reached more than ten million households, the nature was reversed.

The second is the large-scale merger of the powerful, which led to a decrease in the number of small and medium-sized farmers and an increase in tenant farmers. Tenant farmers A were unwilling to rent, and tenant farmers B, and the main households gradually became harsh. The more crowded areas, such as Liangzhe, Jiangdong, Jiangxi, Jingdong, and Fujian, the more severe this phenomenon is. However, in some areas with large and sparsely populated areas, landlords once forced tenant farmers to form permanent tenant relationships in order to ensure land income. Some self-cultivated farmers were forced to form permanent tenant relationships due to emergency situations at home, needed money or under the oppression of cruel officials, and then forced to sell the cultivated land and then form permanent tenant relationships with the buyer.

Tenant farmers only bear labor and labor taxes, and do not undertake taxes, but the more they develop, the more chaotic it becomes. When the tenant farmers go to taxes and labor, the main household does not want to pay taxes and labor, so they hide the land directly. If there is no land, the rent will be in vain. There are also a very small number of people who auction tenant rights layer by layer, and they will transform themselves from first, second and third households to fourth and fifth households. Now this situation is relatively rare, and it is often not worth the effort, and it can cause a lot of lawsuits.

The biggest disadvantage is that there are many owners in one place, but that this is the one who can save money.

Theoretically, the tenant rights are in the hands of the tenant farmers, but the main household uses its power to deprive the tenant farmers of the tenant farmers of their right to plant their tenant by using various cruel means. Or they force the tenant farmers to leave and set up a lease with the new tenant. Or they force the old tenant to surrender, modify the original lease, and increase the rent of grain and rent. This is called shoveling the tenant or seizing the tenant.

In history, Su Dongpo proposed a method of scavenging in Hangzhou, forcing tenants to dredge the West Lake more diligently to avoid the obstruction of the water. The West Lake was cured and beautified. The water was shimmering and beautiful, and the mountains were misty and strange. It was wanted to compare the West Lake with Xizi, but it was always suitable to use heavy makeup and light makeup. However, the people who rented the official land and planted the fields of the water land were even more difficult. There was another situation where some scoundrels in the village allowed the main household to rent at a higher price. The main household believed their words and left all the old tenants. As a result, these people did not pay the agreement, which led to the desolation of the main household. Then they forced the main household to sell the tenant rights at a low price, and the scoundrels transferred the tenant to other tenants. Often, a lot of lawsuits were caused.

It's pretty good.

In fact, behind the shoalian, there are many tragic stories.

What Zheng Lang brought was not only a rapid increase in the population, but also a check on hidden fields. The main household was found to have taxes on land. The rent was paid in the past. The rent was light and not cost-effective. So he slashed the tenant and forced the tenant to increase the rent again.

For example, on Jiangnan East Road and Liangzhe North Road, some upper fields originally had only three to five dou of rent, which was affordable, but gradually increased. Some upper fields could increase to two stones. Even if the polder fields were intensively farmed for one acre of land, the high yield was now combined for two seasons, but it was only more than five stones. Tenants did not pay taxes. However, they had to bear a small amount of labor and miscellaneous taxes. In addition, the farming costs were good, and the weather was still good. Once the disaster year came, the family was destroyed in an instant.

Or the tenant rights were abolished and became fugitives. There were many refugees in the Song Dynasty, but where did the refugees go? The world was as dark as crows. Or the farming area was vast and sparsely populated areas, where there was little harvest. Furthermore, once you moved, you had to buy a large number of production and living tools, even if you needed some money to build a thatched hut. Therefore, when you could barely maintain your life, most tenant farmers had to live a dark life.

The destruction of permanent tenancy rights and the rise of shoveling tenancy have created a large number of truly destitute households.

Not only did the main households participate, but some local cruel officials also participated. Some cruel officials directly asked the tenant farmers to rent more, and publicly said that if they were unwilling to, they would let them out. Fan Chunren presided over the supervision department in the past two years and handled more than 100 similar situations. He was kind-hearted, but all the surrounding areas were rented more than 100 times. If the official land was not rented more, it would not only have a bad impact, but there were many people fighting for it. They often allowed some rascals to take away the tenant rights, or were occupied by minor officials in disguise to seek the right to rent the right to seek the difference in the price. Fan Chunren was very miserable at one time. Zheng Lang escaped the siege and sent someone to investigate and adjust the lease moderately according to the situation. There was no way. The court wanted to benefit the government, but the benefits might not necessarily allow the people to get the income, and the income was still the local tyrants. However, after the increase in rent, there were also some bad effects.

In short, the emergence of shoji has brought a series of serious consequences.

However, if you touch it, it will be a bigger hornet's nest than the inventory of hidden fields, or even the forced promotion theory of Fangtianjun tax law.

The wisest way to pretend to be deaf and dumb about this matter!

Zheng Lang said: "Zixuan, can the two taxes in our court be heavy? Can the taxes be heavy?"

No matter how much arable land the imperial court had, even if it was not included in the household registration, it could not be calculated. The only thing that could be calculated was the 500 million mu of arable land in the household registration was that included some tax-free households and various types of official fields, vocational fields and learning fields of the court. Only 400 million mu of them could be collected. However, the income of two taxes was only 46 million. There were money, grain, silk, grass, grass, grass, grass, and various specialties, grass, bamboo, firewood, and firewood were cheaper than grain, and cloth, some metals or other specialties were more expensive than grain. In fact, this number was only more than 600 ci, less than one ci. That is, it was converted into money. Two citations of land only required to pay more than 70 cents, which was equivalent to two dou of rice at the local price, three dou of wheat at the price of millet at the price of five dou of millet. That is, seventy dollars also included various miscellaneous taxes and included in the two taxes, but taxes outside of grain production, such as the planting of some tea, fruits, melons, and some workshops, etc.

The entire Song Dynasty's grain production was promoted by Zheng Lang, and the evolution of seeds, the number of large livestock gradually increased, etc., from more than two stones to now, it has become more than two and a half stones. Theoretically, the Song Dynasty still implemented a 10-1 levy, and a 1-1 levy of two taxes.

The imperial system was also quite humane. For example, in areas with low yields, only a few dou per acre were collected, only one dou in the north, more than one dou in one dou, the highest in the south was only three or five dou, and the polder was only six or seven dou high. It was this seven dou polder, and the polder yield gradually exceeded five stones. The ratio was only eight to one. It was not very heavy.

You can't take it seriously. When all the additional taxes accumulate below, they will not be ten to one, but will become four to one, three to one.

In fact, Zheng Lang is also rectifying it.

Afraid of trouble, the approach is very obscure, especially in the financial statements, and the various financial incomes of each state and county are listed very clearly. If there are no special circumstances or natural disasters, various taxes will definitely be wrong. It may not be to love the people more, but to act inaction. If the tax is reduced, it is not to reduce the taxes of poor people, but to pay the taxes.

For those prefectures and counties with particularly severe declines, some people were sent to check and confirm that the official journey was over.

There is another situation where there is no special situation, and taxation suddenly increases. Zheng Lang is also disliked, so he also sent someone to investigate and punish it. It is not a mean approach, so that officials can think about it themselves, and they cannot be harsh on the people, nor can they do nothing. He will grasp the importance of taxation.

There is another situation, that is, taxes are increased to poor people and tax cuts to powerful people. This report cannot be seen, but the problem is not big. Before taxation is imposed in summer and autumn, we use newspaper channels to post tax collection notices in various prefectures, counties and towns. Those who seriously exceed the standard will be seriously exceeded. Officials of the Supervision Department will go down to investigate and punish them after verification.

Give the people more vitality bit by bit.

There are many bad situations, but as the court, it is very good to be able to do this. Zheng Lang doesn’t want to impose these two taxes, but is it possible?

Zeng Bu said: "Duke Zheng, his subordinates still believe that the tenant should not be touched."

The shoveling of tenants has little to do with the court. It is mostly caused by the greed of the powerful. However, when you touch it, the impact will be too great and the consequences of the riot cannot be borne.

"You can also touch it. For example, the imperial court has conducted some inductions to alleviate the annexation phenomenon and gradually reduce the two taxes, allowing the people to gain something in farming, and they will not sell arable land to evade taxes. There is also moral publicity, and the maximum lease in various regions can be forcibly regulated. However, the latter will also cause some trouble."

"Yes, the investigation of hidden fields has caused a lot of controversy."

"There is a way to remove the firewood from the bottom of the pot. What changes will happen to the leasing of Fujian Road and Jiangnan West Road during the development of Guangdong and Guangxi?"

"Mr. Zheng wants to develop the Fourth Road of Kuixia?"

"It's unlikely. There were too many stories that happened at the beginning. I didn't take down the fourth road of Kuixia in one go. Now I'm so burdened. Is it possible to take down the fourth road of Kuixia? I only make some fine adjustments based on the situation in the Secretariat... I'm talking about another way. No hurry. Besides, the reforms have been made in three years and the world is in a brutal state. I also want to be quiet for a while. Even if it is reformed, it is also fine adjustments. It is impossible to make the world noise again."

"What's the solution?"

"The time has not come yet. Now I am just an idea, but no matter what the method is, the Central Plains must be the priority."

"The capital is stable, the capital is stable, the capital is weak, the world is weak."

"Zixuan, will the world's harmony that the Master said will appear?"

Zeng Bu smiled bitterly and said, "Don't you say in Confucianism? That is the ultimate goal, but it is just a goal. To be honest, if you solve the problem of debt, even now, in the history of all dynasties, it will be considered politically clear."

"Yes, I wrote some things here. It's my idea. You can take them to take them." Zheng Lang said, handing out a plan, and then said, "After arriving in Hedong, I'll pay attention to me."

Zeng Bu opened it and looked at Zheng Lang strangely, saying, "What is its connection with Shaw Dian? And there will be controversial."

"The more severe the phenomenon of shoveling the tenant, the greater the opportunity for this method to be implemented. One is to increase the strength of the Central Plains, and the other is to improve the border economy. Our dynasty is richer than the Khitan and Xixia, and there are more Han people in the two countries, so why is it not attractive? The people on the border live too poor. There are many specific intentions. Think about it all the way, and if you have any good ideas, you can also communicate with me after returning to Beijing."

"Is it a test for Mr. Zheng to me?"

"That's a test? Since I started politics, I have never thought that with one person's strength, one county, let alone a country. Therefore, it is possible to make government affairs closer to perfection with multiple opinions and work together. But after Zixuan arrived in Hedong, remember that it takes three years to go from planting to harvest. Since the wine industry in Hedong has withered, there are many mountains and fruits that cannot be transported out in time, and the grape planting industry has also fallen. But in three years, the people will be worried that if you go to Hedong, you must promote and encourage it. It is an induction, not a rough means, which will cause controversy. I don't want to argue again this year."

"Here."

"It's not too late, I'm back, so I'll take care of myself all the way." Zheng Lang said and returned to the capital.

Zheng Lang said that shoveling the treasure was not to deal with shoveling the treasure, but on the contrary, he smelled a good opportunity. He picked up shoveling the treasure, but handed it to Zeng Bu for the treasure.

But at that time there were many people seeing off in the long pavilion, including several scholars.

I was curious, of course I heard it with the same passion. The two of them didn't say much, but they could hear a strong sense of worrying about the country and the people. They also heard this. Some scholars were not clear about it, so they asked after going back and found out that it was.

Thinking that Zheng Lang was going to deal with Shameng, but indeed, Shameng brought many vicious results, he wrote an article and published it in the newspaper, hoping to echo the biggest idol in his heart and carry out a new wave of reforms.

After reading the newspaper, Zheng Lang laughed and threw it aside.

It is not good to shovel the stock, but your head is either broken. You have to figure out what you can and can’t touch it, and what methods you use to touch it.

He was reading the newspaper, and Zhao Xu was reading it too.

So he asked curiously at the capital meeting: "Mr. Zheng, what's going on with shoalian?"

Zheng Lang explained.

"These people!" Zhao Xu stood up hatefully. It was so hateful. The court just checked a hidden land, so these people used the method of shoveling tenant to rent. How could those poor people survive?

Lu Huiqing sighed: "It's a pity that Baojia Law cannot be promoted nationwide."

The Baojia Law originally set a range, from Qingqi Prefecture to Jinzhou, Daming Prefecture to Jinzhou, Daming Prefecture to Dengzhou, and the south to Xuzhou. The two capital areas are mainly located, but except for the Jiaodong Peninsula and the Xiangfangs in the west and southwest of Dengzhou, the west and west of the Beijing-West Dengzhou, they mainly guard the capital, select the source of the forbidden troops, and assist in the prevention of theft, so they also include a few prefectures at the southeast end of the Hebei River, as well as the two and three prefectures on the north side of Huainan Road. At the same time, it has a relief nature and dare not be too much. The court cannot afford it. It is this relief nature that effectively prevents the spread of mergers and spreads in the Jingji area, and there are very few tens of tens of thousands of households. However, it is impossible to promote it to the whole country. The number of households in the Song Dynasty was 17 million, and there were 10 million households below the fifth grade, and 500,000 households could not pay taxes, and 10 million households would not pay taxes, which would lead to a big problem.

Lu Huiqing was not talking nonsense, and said, "Your Majesty, I have a way to resolve it a little."

"Say it."

"After discussing the Qingmiao Law, there were a lot of discussions, so it was not allowed to be implemented. But it does have many disadvantages. However, it does have many disadvantages. However, looking at how to do it, I think that another prison will be set up, and half of the public and private sectors will be used to distribute green crops and green crops. First, it is to crack down on the deprivation of usury on the people. Second, many poor people have difficulty living. Whenever the green and yellow are not in progress, it is difficult to survive. The weather is good, and the family is safe and sound. If a bad thing happens, either you will either rely on usury to survive, and eventually your family will be destroyed. Or you will sell arable land, which will aggravate mergers and serious mergers, and the mergers will be serious. These bad phenomena will be more and more. The contract shares must be dominated by good households, mainly relief, supplemented by profit, or there may be losses. You can also compensate the poor people through other means."

This is an improved version of Ye Huiqing's Qingmiao Law.

Zheng Lang frowned, why is it coming again! Zhao Xu was a little moved, and Zheng Lang immediately said: "It's not appropriate."

Lu Huiqing asked, "What's wrong?"

I am a little unhappy. You can just ask the prisoners, but why can't I ask?

Zheng Lang said: "Your Majesty, before I went to the capital, Han Qi said that I would manage it carefully and I could repay the debt in five years. I don't have the ability."

Everyone laughed together, that was Han Qi intentionally sad.

"But if there were no major accidents, ten years would probably be able to repay it. Ten years later, Your Majesty was in his early thirties. It was that year. Did Your Majesty think about what to do if the government did not become corrupt after repayment, and if the government had not been corrupt and so much finance was surplus in a year?"

Zhao Xu raised his head and was confused. The deficit began to decrease, so he could think so far away. Besides, there are Xixia and Youyun Sixteen Prefectures, but even if you take back these two places, it depends on the timing. There is no good time. No matter how much finance you have, you cannot launch an attack in a hurry. Finance is one of the indispensable conditions for war, but not the only condition. Or even if you recover the second place, 500 million yuan or 600 million yuan is enough. Ten years! So what should I do next?

Of course, if this happens, he can wake up laughing while asleep.

Zheng Lang said again: "Your Majesty, think a little further. If this happens, can all the two taxes be cut off?"

Two taxes are more than 40 million, which is equivalent to money that will not exceed 35 million. Compared with the surplus of 60 million, it will not be hindered. But if it really reaches that point, think about it, what would it be like if it does not impose any tax on farmers? It would be impossible for Yao, Shun, Yu and Tang to do it.

Zhao Xu was excited, walked down from the dragon throne and walked around among the ministers. Not only was he excited, but Fu Bi, Zeng Gongliang and others also flashed countless stars in their eyes when they thought of that. When it really reached that point, not only Zhao Xu and Zheng Lang, but also they would be listed as virtuous ministers, and the bidding records became an important milestone in history. And it could be achieved in theory, with a surplus of more than 60 million, a surplus of more than 40 million, and more than 10 million were eliminated.

Zheng Lang smiled and said, "This is impossible, the beautiful scenery in the dream." (To be continued.)
Chapter completed!