The relationship between and the Central Plains dynasty may be described by the four words "rebellion and submission" is not constant. In fact, 's strategic intention is still very clear. Open the map, when was founded, it was only in the Hunjiang River, and the middle reaches of the Yalu River occupied a small piece of land, and all sides were enemies: the west was the east of the Han and Liaodong, Xuantu [Note: the second Xuantu County] two counties, Lelang, two counties in the south, Fuyu to the north, and Woju to the east. Therefore, in addition to annexing and attacking the surrounding small states and Fuyu and Woju, they adopted a war-time and harmonious attitude towards the dynasties of China, but the center was around encroaching and annexing the above four counties. Once the Central Plains dynasty was strong, they adopted a respectful attitude of paying tribute; once there was something happening in the Central Plains or the country split, they took the opportunity to invade and plunder to reap the benefits of fishermen. Although the middle was repeated several times, there was

Several times, he was almost destroyed due to retaliatory attacks by the Central Plains or local courts, but his strategic goal was fully achieved at the beginning of the fifth century: the above four counties were successively in their pockets, and Fuyu and others also conquered one after another, reaching the Liaohe River in the west, the east and the north, and bordering Baekje and Silla in the southeast. Later, given that the Northern Wei Dynasty had risen and the possibility of advancing to the mainland of the Central Plains was not high, King Changshou moved the capital of Pyongyang from Maruto City in 427, and was committed to developing into the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, mainly attacking Baekje and Silla; against China, the Liaohe River was bounded and adopted a defensive stance. When China was unified again, defeated the army of Emperor Yang of Sui with its stubbornness. Later, he fought intermittently with the Tang Dynasty for more than 20 years, and finally died in a situation where the internal part was split and the external strong enemy was under the brink of the border.

1. and the Eastern Han Dynasty: Stop and stop

At the beginning of the founding of , its main energy was to annex small surrounding countries and deal with big countries like Xiang Fuyu. It had no strength to challenge the Celestial Empire. was founded and became the queen. Emperor Yuan, Emperor Cheng, Emperor Ai, and Emperor Ping also recognized his title of King and ordered Xuantu County to manage it. The matter was still messed up from Comrade Wang Mang. This king and emperor paid more attention to etiquette and rules. How could a small country like be so arrogant and king? So he was demoted to a marquis; the other also had the preference to change his name to others, such as "Xiongnu Shanyu" to "submit slaves and subjugate", etc. When the Huns rebelled, they gathered 300,000 troops to prepare for the attack and conscripted Gao.

The Guli people assisted. The people were unwilling to fight with the Huns, and the soldiers sent fled to the frontier for bandits and killed Tian Tan, the Dayin of the western Liaoning. This was amazing. Emperor Wang sent the general Yan You to challenge him. Yan You set up a Hongmen banquet and killed the border general Yan Pi, and won a great victory. The King was very happy and showed his hobby: he issued an order to deny to "Xiao Juli" and King to "Xiao Julihou". has since become a major border trouble in the northeast. In 14 AD, the people occupied County, which belonged to Xuantu County [Note: is both a national name and a county name], which was the first time that it captured the Han county.

In 28 AD, the prefect of Liaodong County, Eastern Han Dynasty sent troops to attack . The Great Wu God King Gao Wuxiu Jianbi Qingye and retreated to the capital [Note: The capital was a domestic city at that time, and now Ji'an County, Jilin] was guarded. The Han army was besieged for three months, and the people of were about to finish their food. The Great Wu God King was quick to learn and sent people to the prefect of Liaodong to send wine and carp they caught to the prefect of Liaodong. The prefect thought that the city had enough food and grass, so he had to retreat. escaped the misfortune of almost losing his country for the first time.

.Four years later, Emperor Guangwu of Han re-enacted the title of King of because of his destruction of martial arts and culture. However, did not stop invading the Eastern Han Dynasty. In 37 AD, the Great Wushen King launched an attack on Lelang County, south of the Yalu River, and occupied it for a time. Seven years later, Emperor Guangwu sent troops across the sea to recover Lelang, preventing 's expansion, and demarcated the Sashui River on the Korean Peninsula to the south of the Qingchuan River and was directly under the jurisdiction of to the north. From then on, 's tentacles began to extend into the Korean Peninsula.

After that, and the Eastern Han Dynasty maintained peace for more than 60 years. 's Taizu King Gaogong frequently attacked in the second half of the first century, and small surrounding countries were successively included in his command. After the surroundings were unified and the internal royal power was greatly enhanced, it re-invaded the border in the second century. In 146, when King Taizu was passed down as the second king of Yu Di [Note: King Taizu reigned in 91 and lived in his reign, and lived for nearly 20 years before he died. The long life span was really rare!], and the Eastern Han Dynasty had the following major conflicts:

In the spring of 105, the people conquered six counties in Liaodong, but were defeated by the prefect Geng Kui, and his commander Qu was killed;

In 118, and Yuihu joined forces to attack Han Xuantu County and attack Huali City;

In the spring of 121, Feng Huan, the governor of Youzhou in Han Dynasty, attacked , but was defeated by using a trick of surrender, killing and injuring more than 2,000 people;

In the summer of the same year, the Taizu King combined with the Xianbei to invade Liaodong, and the prefect Cai Feng and more than 100 people died in battle;

In the winter of the same year, King Taizu joined forces with Mahan, and the filthy family attacked Xuantu County. The Han army received assistance from more than 20,000 troops and repelled it;

In 146, he attacked Lelang County, Han, killed the magistrate of the county magistrate of Daofang, and plundered the wife of the prefect.

After the Taizu King, the second king, the new king, and the old king of Chuan, three generations adopted an obedient attitude towards the Eastern Han Dynasty. Except for occasional conflicts, they basically stopped fighting for more than half a century.

2. and Gongsun: Familiar friendship and attack near

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Gongsun clan was dominant in Liaodong, and the far and near Rongyi was subdued. and Gongsun clan had a good relationship at first, and they sent troops to help him eliminate bandits. However, when the new king of ascended the throne in 196, the king's brother Baqi was helped by Gongsun Du, and he raised an army to fight for the throne, and was defeated and died. From then on, and Gongsun clan formed a gang. If the Gongsun clan wanted to enter the Central Plains to compete, he had to solve the worries of first. If wants to achieve the idea of ​​dominating Liaodong, he must also eliminate the obstacle of Gongsun clan. Both of them were ulterior motives and guarded against each other. However, was weak after all, so he mainly adopted a defensive stance to protect the territory and the people, and waited for the opportunity. Gongsun Kangshi once attacked and burned the domestic city of its capital. was forced to move the capital to Shancheng Marundu (Shanchengzi west of Ji'an, Jilin).

's diplomatic move to the Gongsun family was to fight against each other from a distance, and established relations with Wu and Wei respectively. In 233, Dongwu sent envoys to Gongsun Yuan in Liaodong. Later, Gongsun Yuan turned against him and killed the two envoys. Several of the envoys fled to and pretended to be on the order of Sun Quan. From then on, and Dongwu fought fiercely, and Dongwu also gave the title of "Shanyu". However, the good times did not last long. Cao Wei certainly did not want to see this relationship continue to develop, so he frequently sent people to to break off diplomatic relations with Dongwu. A few years later, was forced to break off diplomatic relations with Wu under the pressure of Wei, and killed Wu envoy Hu Wei and others, and sent his head to Youzhou.

The situation developed rapidly. As Zhuge Liang died in Wuzhangyuan, the pressure on the southwest front of Wei State was reduced, and he began to free up his hands to deal with the unruly Gongsun Yuan. In 237, Sima Yi led a 40,000 army to conquer Liaodong in two directions, and asked to send troops to help. naturally would not miss this god-given opportunity and sent a chief clerk to lead thousands of elite troops to help the Wei army fight. A few months later, Xiangping City was broken, Gongsun Yuan died in Liangshui, and Gongsun's power in Liaodong collapsed. The Wei army then spread the sea and captured Lelang and led the two counties of the two counties of the former Gongsun clerk. Wei established Pingzhou in the area under the jurisdiction of Liaodong, Changli, Xuantu, Lelang, and Dingfang, and established the Dongyi Captain in Xiangping to manage it.

3. and Cao Wei: Wuqiu East Expedition

After the defeat of Gongsun, all the counties in Liaodong entered the Wei army. At that time, Wei was busy with the war with Wu and Shu, and the Sima family and Cao family were fighting happily again, and there was no time to review. 's old habits became more and more cute, and the King of Dongchuan began to frequently invade, attacking several small cities in Liaodong and gaining some small victories. He thought he was strong and strong, and he bragged. Some minister Pei had to come and go on a hunger strike to persuade the king not to anger the Great Wei and attract the fate of the country. Where could the King of Dongchuan listen to it?

Sure enough, soon the war in Wushu was aborted. Wei State sent Wuqiu Jian to fight eastward to avenge the invasion of . In 246 AD, Wuqiu Jian led 10,000 infantry and cavalry in the Wei army, and went east out of Xuantu County, and marched towards . The King of Dongchuan of personally led more than 20,000 infantry and cavalry to meet the enemy to Boilu Shui, and fought at Liangkou (Note: Jiangkou Village, Tonghua City). The two armies fought to the death, and the Wei army met with a square formation. The King of Dongchuan was defeated and the Wei army beheaded thousands of levels. The King of Dongchuan led a few remaining troops to flee back in a panic and defended the strong Marundu City. After Wuqiu Jian besieged the city, he saw the west of the mountain city.

The mountain on the north side was steep and there were not many guards above, so they adopted the tactic of avoiding the real and feinting the weak, attacking the front and sneak attacking the northwest. They selected some strong and strong soldiers who were good at climbing, and secretly climbed up along the cliff with long ropes of weapons and ropes. They first killed the guards above and "hanged the horses and hanged the chariots" and broke through the Maruntu Mountain Castle. According to the "Three Kingdoms", the Wei soldiers "slaughtered Maruntu" and adopted the strategy of burning and killing them all. Only the Pei people who persuaded the king not to invade the Wei State had a net. "Jian ordered the army not to destroy the tomb, not to cut down the trees, and to get his wife, and they would all be sent away."

Soon, Wuqiu Jian conquered again, and Dongchuan King Benmaigou (Note: Today, Huining, Xianbei, Korea). Wuqiu Jian sent the prefect of Xuantu, Wang Qi, to pursue Dongchuan King, for more than a thousand miles, to the southern border of Woju, to carve stones and record merits and return [Note: In 1904, Wuqiu Jian carved stone merits in Ji'an, Jilin, and are now in the Liaoning Provincial Museum]. The King of Dongchuan died of depression while fleeing. [Note: According to the "Historical Records of the Three Kingdoms", assassinated Wang Qi and defeated Wei's pursuers. This matter is not seen in Chinese historical records, and it should be a boastful word.] The Wei army conquered twice, captured thousands of 's population each time, and moved them to the mainland.

The eastern expedition of Wuqiu Jian was the farthest expedition in the history of the Central Plains dynasty in the northeast region. The power of Wei was still far away from Russia's coastal area, and the eastern part of the Korean Peninsula, which was originally under the jurisdiction of , also belonged to the two counties of Lelang and Defang. was almost overwhelmed and survived by chance. For more than 40 years, did not dare to invade Liaodong again, and frequently submitted a letter to Wei and Jin, and lived a peaceful life.

4. and the Former Swallow: Thousands of pounds pressing the top

As the stars changed, by the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, domestic smoke was everywhere. also wanted to take advantage of the decline of the Central Plains to make a comeback, and successively eroded and annexed the two counties of Lelang and Daefang on the Korean Peninsula. Unexpectedly, a powerful opponent, the Shinenic Xianbei Murong regime, rose in western Liaoning. Murong was originally one of the three major Xianbei departments in the eastern region. At that time, its leader Murong was promoted to "the military commander of the two prefectures of Youping, the military governor of the two prefectures, Pingzhou, and the title of Liaodong County Duke". The Murong family obtained the legal power to govern the five counties of Liaoxi, Liaodong, Xuantu, Lelang and Daefang. In 333, after Murong Tao's death, his third son, Yu, succeeded, and was called the King of Yan in 337, and officially established the Former Yan regime.

Before and after the founding of the Murong clan, many wars were fought with . According to records, from 293 to 320, invaded Liaodong, Xuantu, Lelang and other counties seven times. Murong Ting also attacked twice and dug the tomb of King Xichuan. Murong Ting was called the Queen of Yan, and in order to enter the Central Plains, he planned to solve the problem in the rear once and for all. General Jianwei Murong Han pointed out that there are two southern and northern roads leading to , with a narrow southern road and a flat and wide northern road. It is recommended to attack the North Road and use the elite troops to exit the South Road and directly hit the Wandu. This suggestion was adopted by Murong Ting.

In November 342, Murong Feng first sent the chief of the Shi Wang Yu to lead 15,000 troops from the North Road to advance. The former king of 's hometown was indeed trapped and sent Wang's brother Wu Shuai to guard Guanmashan City in the North Road to 50,000 elite troops, and he led some old and weak to guard the southern road. Unexpectedly, Murong Feng personally led 40,000 elite troops, and took Murong Han and Murong Ba as the vanguard, stopped the flag and came from the south road to cover the battle. The result was self-evident. The army was defeated and two generals were

The Yan army made a great effort and rushed into Marudu City. The king of the hometown fled in a desert. The Yan army also captured the king's mother and princess. Murong Shengmoto was preparing to pursue him, but Wang Yu on the north road was defeated and died because of his weak strength. He decided to go to the army. The Yan army looted Marudu, captured more than 50,000 people, dug up the tomb of the king's father, King Mikawa, and took away the body of the king's father. Finally, the Yan army burned Marudu with fire, and then returned to the country.

After returning from his hometown, the original king had to rebuild his home. This time he did not dare to argue with the Yan people again. Instead, he collected various treasures and specialties such as tiger skin, ginseng, and deer antlers, and sent his brother to Yan State to pay tribute. Murong Huang only returned the body of the king's father to . Thirteen years later, Murong Huang saw that was still obedient and received a large amount of tributes, so he sent the king's mother back to and named the original king of the home country "General of the Conquest East, the governor of Yingzhou, the Duke of Lelang, and the King of ."

More than ten years later, the Former Yan was destroyed by the Former Qin. sent the fleeing Yan Taifu Murong Ping to the Former Qin and surrendered to Fu Jian. The relationship between and Former Qin is worth mentioning that the Qin sent monks, Buddha statues, Buddhist scriptures and 372 years ago. Since then, Buddhism has been introduced to .

5. and the Later Yan: Seizing Liaodong

For a long time, has never forgotten its expansion to Liaodong. However, it has never been able to do so. It has been attacked by the Central Plains dynasty and the local governments in Liaodong many times, which has destroyed its towns several times, and the kings were destroyed and on the verge of extinction. Therefore, during that period, 's territory was very unstable and often lost again.

Feng Shui took turns, and we will arrive at my house tomorrow. By the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when the 19th generation of Guangkai Tuwang of , the situation underwent changes that were conducive to 's outward expansion. The Eastern Jin regime in the Central Plains had been declining and had long lost control of the surrounding areas; various separatist forces were all dominant; the Later Yan regime of Murong's family also lost the capital to compete for due to internal strife; the Northern Wei regime had just been established, and its power could not reach Liaodong; the Baekje regime in the south also showed signs of decline due to natural disasters and man-made disasters. At this time, history provided a broad stage for Guangkai Tuwang to display his talents.

The King of Guangkai, also known as the King of Haotai, is known as Tande. In ancient Chinese books, he was called King An. He was born in 374 AD. He ascended the throne at the age of 18 in 391 AD. He died at the age of 39 AD. His posthumous title was "Guang Shangguangkai Tujing Ping'an Haotai King". In the history of , the King of Guangkai Tujing was praised for his outstanding martial arts. In the inscription of the King of Haotai, he was called majestic and genius, "sincere in the heavens, and was mighty and powerful among the worlds". He was a relatively prominent figure among the kings of . After he ascended the throne, he defeated Khitan, Baekje, and Fuyu successively, and sent troops to help Silla expel the Japanese people in Renna in the southern part of the Panma Peninsula, which was a great reputation.

However, the greatest achievement of the Guangkai Tu King was that finally occupied Liaodong and dominated the Northeast. In the early stage of the Guangkai Tu King's rule, he devoted all his energy to the war to conquer Baekje, and he could not spare his power to attack Liaodong. In addition, the Murong regime (Later Yan) that controlled Liaodong at that time was still very powerful. The people were unable to defeat the Murong clan, so they had to adopt the strategy of attaching ministers to the Murong clan and accepting the title of king. For example, in 396 AD, Murong clan,

After Rong Bao succeeded to the throne, he appointed the Tu Wang of Guangkai as the governor of Pingzhou, Liaodong and two kings of the belt. In 400, Later Yan launched an attack on the pretext of Guangkai's Tu Wang "serving Yan's rituals and slowness". Murong Sheng personally led 30,000 troops to attack. was unable to compete and lost new cities and two towns in South Jiangsu. In this battle alone, the Murong family expanded more than 700 miles of land and plundered 5,000 households of . At that time, compared with , Later Yan had a certain advantage.

After successfully defeating Baekje, King Haotai transferred his main force to Liaodong. In 404 AD, King Haotai reversed his policy of surrendering to the Later Yan and fought desperately with the Murong clan. After several repeated repetitions, he finally occupied the Liaodong area as existing. King Yan Murong Xi sent troops to counterattack twice, trying to retake the Liaodong area, but failed to achieve his goal. Liaodong has been firmly in the hands of since then. From the first attack of King Taizu to King Haotai finally occupying Liaodong, it took a full 300 years. During this period, after dozens of battles and battles of all sizes, paid a huge price and realized the dream of more than ten generations of kings.

Soon, the Later Yan was destroyed, and the Northern Yan occupied western Liaoning. When the Northern Wei Dynasty rose and the Northern Yan was destroyed, welcomed Feng Hong, the last lord of Northern Yan, and the remnants of Northern Yan to Liaodong. Later, because Feng Hong wanted to go to Liu Song, he was killed by the Changshou King of (son of the King of Guangkai Tu). took the opportunity to annex some of the remnants of Northern Yan, and stabilized his position in Liaodong, and profited from the civil war in the Central Plains.

By the end of the Changshou King, the territory of expanded unprecedentedly. Its southern territory was connected to Baekje and Silla from Yasan Bay through Niaoling, Zhuling to Pinghai and Baekje and Silla, and expanded to the current Datong River in Korea, the Ningjiang River, the Jin River, and the Han River coast. It was the heyday of . According to the Book of Wei: Biography of , its "people's households were three times that of the former Wei Dynasty, with a land of two thousand miles east and west, and more than one thousand miles north and south". That is, it was bordered by the Sea of ​​Japan in the east, the Yellow Sea on the west, the Han River Basin in the south, and the Liao River in the north as the boundary. It is one of the most powerful kingdoms in Northeast Asia.

6. and the Southern and Northern Dynasties: Continuous tribute

After the death of the Tu King of Guangkai in 412 AD, his son Changshou ascended the throne. Changshou was a rare talent among the kings of who was good at analyzing the situation, good at grasping the overall situation, and dared to act. Faced with the new situation of the expansion of 's territory, he was particularly calm and adopted the strategy of invading Silla and Baekje in the North and Central Plains. At that time, the Northern Wei Dynasty was aggressive, and the northern China was about to be unified, and the possibility of expanding into the Central Plains was not high. Changshou moved the capital to Pyongyang in 427. This measure had two benefits: 1) It provided flexibility to resist the attacks of the northern Central Plains dynasties, ensured the safety of the capital, and no longer easily happened like the situation where the capital was destroyed many times before; 2) It created favorable conditions to promote the policy of advancing the southward. Later developments proved this very well.

In this way, starting from the King of Changshou, adopted the policy of advancing south, focusing on attacking Baekje and Silla; and adopted a strategy of paying tribute to the Central Plains. From the beginning of the fifth century to the end of the sixteenth century, there was no major war between and the Central Plains in nearly two centuries. The number of tributes increased greatly. From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Sixteen Kingdoms for nearly four hundred years, recorded only 12 tributes recorded in history; while the entire Southern and Northern Dynasties were less than 200 years, the number of tributes recorded was as high as 109 times. It was the record of the Kings of accepting the Southern and Northern Dynasties and enthroning the Northern Dynasties in history:

In 413, Emperor An of Jin enthroned the Duke of Changshou, Lelang County, and King ;

In 420, Emperor Wu of Song was granted the title of General Changshou to Zhengdong;

In 422, Emperor Wu of Song was appointed as the Changshou King of Sanqi Changshi and was the general of the military affairs of Pingzhou;

In 435, Emperor Shizu of the Northern Wei Dynasty appointed King Changshou as the commander of the military affairs of the Liaohai Sea, conquered the East General, and led the General of the Dongyi Zhonglang, founding Duke of Liaodong County, and King ;

In 463, Emperor Xiaowu of Song enthroned King Changshou as an envoy to hold the sacred cavalry, supervised the military affairs of the two prefectures, and the General of the East, King , and Duke Lelang;

In 479, Emperor Gao of Qi conferred the title of King Changshou as General of the Cavalry;

In 491, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty conferred the title of King Changshou as General of Cheqi, Taifu, Founding Duke of Liaodong County, and King ;

In 492, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty appointed King Wen Zi as an envoy to command the military affairs of the Liaohai Sea. He conquered the Eastern General and led the General of the Eastern Yi Zhonglang, founding Duke of Liaodong County, and King ;

In 494, King Yulin of Southern Qi enthroned King Wen Zi as an envoy to hold the sanqi of the cavalry, and was in charge of the military affairs of the two prefectures, and the general of the East, King , and Duke Lelang;

In 496, Emperor Ming of Qi enthroned King Wen Ziming as General of the Cavalry;

In 502, Emperor Wu of Liang Xiao Yan conferred King Wen Ziming as the chariot;

In 508, Emperor Wu of Liang was appointed as General Wenzhiming Wang Fudong, and found the three departments of Yitong;

In 518, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty conferred King Anzang as General Andong, and was the captain of Dongyi, founding Duke of Liaodong County, and King ;

In 520, Emperor Wu of Liang conferred King Anzang as General Ningdong and King Goryeo;

In 526, Emperor Wu of Liang ordered King Anyuan, the son of King Anzang, to ascend his father's title and become General Goryeo, the Ningdong General;

In 545, King Yangyuan succeeded to the throne, and Emperor Wu of Liang inherited his father's title;

In 550, Emperor Wenxuan of Northern Qi enthroned the King of Yangyuan as the envoy, the General of the Cavalry, the captain of the Dongyi School, the General of Ningdong, and the King of Goryeo;

In 559, Emperor Wen of Chen issued an edict to grant the King of Pingyuan as General Ningdong;

In 559, Emperor Gaozu of Northern Zhou conferred the title of King Pingyuan as the General of Kaifu Yitong Sansi, the founding Duke of Liaodong County, and the King of .

In 560, the Northern Qi deposed emperor and enthroned the King of Pingyuan to protect the Dongyi School Commander, Duke of Liaodong County, and King of Goryeo.

In 562, Emperor Wen of Chen was appointed General Ningdong, Wang of Pingyuan.

Among the above many titles, it is worth noting that the position of the captain of the Dongyi School Captain was established to strengthen the jurisdiction of ethnic minorities in the Northeast. It was originally sent by the Central Plains dynasty. Later, it was replaced by the head of ethnic minorities and was still one of the officials of the Central Plains regime. On this issue, the Northern Wei and the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties had some differences. The Northern Wei regarded as a vassal state, so he was granted this official; while the Eastern Jin and Southern Dynasties regimes took as a vassal state.

It was vassalized by the king of , so he added the titles of "the governor's military commander in the two prefectures" and "the general of the expedition to the east" before King . Since 520 AD, the dynasties of the Central Plains no longer called them the King , but called them the King of Goryeo, which were all initiated by the canonization edict. However, in "Records of the Three Kingdoms", it was always called , and even the title of the Central Plains enthronement was recorded as "King of ". It can be seen that "King of Goryeo" was the title added by the Central Plains dynasty.

7. and Sui Dynasty: Emperor Yang's Three Conquests

In the Sui Dynasty, Zhou Hou destroyed Chen in 589 and unified the Central Plains. However, when defeated Chen in the Sui Dynasty, he was worried that disaster would come, so he actively prepared martial arts and accumulated grain, "managing the army and the valley, and resisted it as a way to resist the defense", which caused great dissatisfaction from Emperor Wen of Sui. In his edict to , he threatened unceremoniously: "The king said that the vastness of the Liao River is like the Yangtze River? How many people in Goryeo are in the Chen Kingdom? If I do not have any merits, I blame the king for his mistakes and order a general, so why should I be more capable! I am diligent and clear, and I will be sincere and sincere. It is better to get my heart and seek more blessings." The following year after the destruction of Chen, Gao Yuan, the King of Yingyang of ascended the throne, and Emperor Wen of Sui enthroned him as the third sect of Kaifu Yitong Sansi, the Duke of Liaodong County, and the King of Goryeo.

In 598, King led more than 10,000 cavalry troops to attack western Liaoning, and was defeated by Wei Chong, the general manager of Yingzhou. Emperor Wen of Sui was very angry and ordered King Yang Liang of Han to be the marshal of the marshal of the Shangzhu King Shiji, and Zhou Luohou was the general manager of the navy. He led a large army of 300,000 to attack Goryeo in different waters and lands, and issued an edict to dismiss the title of King Gore Gao Yuan of Goryeo. King Yang Liang of Han led the Sui army on land to Linyu Pass (note: now Shanhai Pass). It was rainy season, and the road was

The road was muddy and the food supply was not enough. The epidemic was prevalent in the army. Although he could barely advance to the Liaoshui River, he was no longer able to join the battle. The Sui army was led by Zhou Luohu and went out from Donglai to the sea and headed straight to Pyongyang City. When there was a strong wind on the sea, most of the ships sank. Therefore, the water and land routes were forced to return, and eight out of ten of the dead were killed. King Goryeo was frightened by the power of the Sui army and sent envoys to apologize, claiming to be "the Yuan of the Liaodong dirt minister". Emperor Wen of Sui then stopped his troops.

In 607 AD, Emperor Yang of Sui visited the northern camp of the Khan Khan of the Turkic Republic and met a messenger of Goryeo. Emperor Yang said that Goryeo was originally a place enthroned by Jizi, and was all under his jurisdiction during the Han and Jin dynasties. He ordered the envoy to inform Goryeo King Gao Yuan to come to pay his respects, otherwise he would lead a large army to tour the territory of Goryeo. King was very frightened when he heard the news and never came. As a result, in 611 (the seventh year of Daye), Emperor Yang issued an edict to conquer Gao on the grounds that Goryeo did not obey his ministers' etiquette.

Li ordered soldiers from all over the world to gather in Zhuo County in the spring of next year. In the first month of the following year, all soldiers who were recruited across the country arrived in Zhuo County. Emperor Yang divided the army into the left and right 12 armies, which was said to be 1.1338 million in history, and was commanded by Emperor Yang himself. The army was connected to each other at the head and tail, drums and horns were heard, and the flags were connected for thousands of miles, with great momentum. It was said that "the great army was not in recent times."

In March of that year, the Sui army advanced to the west bank of the Liao River. soldiers were defending the Liao River. Mai Tiezhang, the general of Zuo Tengwei who crossed the river in the first place, died in battle. A few days later, the Sui army was connected to the floating bridge, crossed the river in turn, annihilated more than 10,000 soldiers on the east bank, and took advantage of the victory to surround Liaodong City. Whenever the city was about to fall, the defenders used a slow-moving strategy. The generals were bound by Emperor Yang's orders and did not dare to be proficient, resulting in the Liaodong City being unable to capture it for a long time, and hundreds of thousands of troops were trapped under a strong city. In June, Emperor Yang of Sui personally went to Liaodong City to supervise the attack on the city. At the same time, he ordered the general Yuwen Shu, the general of the Zuoyi Guard, Yuwen Shu, and other nine troops to cross the City, and advanced towards the Yalu River, and cooperated with the navy to attack Pyongyang. General Yizhi Wende adopted a strategy of luring the enemy into depth. Yuwen Shu's army won seven times a day and quickly crossed the Sashui River (Note: Today

The Qingchuan River in North Korea) advanced to 30 miles away from Pyongyang. Urzhi Wende pretended to ask for peace. Yuwen Shu saw that the soldiers were exhausted and the army had no food, and the Pyongyang City was strong and difficult to get rid of, so he was forced to return to the army. The army retreated and raided the Sui army from all directions. Yuwen Shu and others fought and retreated. When they arrived at Sashui, they were attacked by the army halfway. The Zuo Tun Guard General Xin Shixiong, who was behind the hall, was defeated. All the troops were defeated. When they retreated to Liaodong City, there were only 2,700 people left. The Right Guard General Lai Huer led the navy to the Shishui River through the seaway (Note: The Datong River in North Korea), defeated the army 60 miles away from Pyongyang. He took advantage of the victory and attacked the city with 40,000 Jingjia. He was defeated by Fu, but only a few thousand people retreated to the seaside. When he heard that Yuwen Shu was defeated, he also led his army back. At the end of August, Emperor Yang ordered the withdrawal of his troops, and the first conquest of ended in a disastrous defeat.

In the ninth year of Daye (613), Emperor Yang of Sui once again led an army to go to . This time, Emperor Yang received the lesson from the last time and allowed the generals to "work at a cheap price". The Sui army surrounded Liaodong City and attacked the city day and night for more than 20 days. Just when Liaodong was in danger, Yang Xuangan, the Minister of Rites, raised an army to rebel against Sui in Liyang. Emperor Yang was shocked and had to secretly order the withdrawal of troops. The military capital, equipment, attack tools and camps were abandoned. The second expedition to ended with a slight start.

In the tenth year of Daye, Emperor Yang of Sui launched the third battle to attack . The General of the Right Guard Lai Huer defeated the army in Bishe City (note: Beisha City, in Dongda Heishan, Jin County, Liaoning) and took advantage of the victory to march towards Pyongyang. At that time, was already in trouble and was unable to fight again, so he sent envoys to surrender and returned the Minister of War, Hu Sizheng, who rebeled in the Sui Dynasty last year. Seeing that he had recovered the humiliation of defeat, Emperor Yang returned to the court.

8. and the Tang Dynasty: In the end

After the founding of the Tang Dynasty, Gao Jianwu, King Rongliu of , was reigned. In order to ease relations with the Central Plains, he sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty to pay tribute and actively reconcile with the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Gaozu of Tang adopted a pacification policy for the first time, such as enthroning King Rongliu as the Shangzhu Kingdom, the Prince of Liaodong, and the King of Goryeo, and releasing the people captured during the Sui Dynasty. also redeemed more than 10,000 Chinese, and destroyed the "Jingguan", a memorial made of the bodies of the Sui army who died in battle, allowing Tang to conquer and bury the bones of the Sui army. Envoys from both sides frequently traveled and sent people to pay tribute 11 times, and even sent a prince to the Tang Dynasty, showing a peaceful scene. But behind it, both sides understood that they would inevitably fight in the end. spent a lot of artificial resources to build the Great Wall along the Tang border, from Fuyu City (note: west of Siping City, Jilin) ​​to the sea, which was more than a thousand miles long and was built in 16 years.

In the late Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty was unprecedentedly powerful and was also destroyed. The four barbarians were in power. The following began to deal with . In the words of Emperor Taizong, Silla sent envoys to the court, telling the story of Baekje to capture more than 40 cities and plotted to cut off its access to the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty Li Shimin sent people to the country to go to and ordered him to stop the war. He was rejected by the powerful minister of , Molizhiquan Gaisuwen, and Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty decided to send troops to fight in the east. In November of the following year, he ordered the Minister of Justice Zhang Liang to be the chief general of the marching of Pyongyang Road, the prince Zhanshi, and the left guard led Li Ji as the chief general general of Liaodong Road, and led a large army of water and land to attack in different ways. In February of the 19th year, Emperor Taizong of Tang led six armies from Luoyang to deter the imperial guards.

In person, Zhang Liang led the navy to cross the sea to attack the city of Bisha; Li Ji's army captured Liaodong City, an important city in Liaodong, and captured more than 20,000 people. In June, the Tang army advanced to Anshicheng (resident: Yingchengzi, southeast of Haicheng, Liaoning). In the north of Goryeo, Gao Yanshou, Gao Huizhen led a 150,000 army to rescue him, but was defeated by Emperor Taizong of Tang. The rest of the people surrendered. The whole country of Goryeo was frightened. In July, the Tang army began to besiege Anshicheng. Due to the desperate resistance of the defenders, the Tang army still had not conquered until September. It was almost late autumn, and the grass was dry and the water was frozen, and the soldiers and horses could not stay for a long time. Emperor Taizong of Tang was forced to return to the court on September 18, but failed to achieve the expected goal of occupying Goryeo. Emperor Taizong of Tang went on an expedition, captured ten cities including Liaodong, captured more than 70,000 households, killed more than 40,000 Goryeo soldiers, thousands of Tang army were killed, and the war horses were lost to seven or eight.

After Emperor Taizong of Tang returned to the court, the ministers suggested harassing the faction's partial army, which made the people exhausted and delayed the farming season. In a few years, would collapse due to food shortage. Emperor Taizong adopted this suggestion. Later, the Tang army adopted a strategy of launching harassing attacks on , with the following times:

In the 7th year, Emperor Taizong ordered Niu Jinda and Li Ji to lead his army to disturb Goryeo from both water and land, and to siege Shicheng. The King of sent his son Gao Renwu into Tang to apologize;

In the 8th year, Taizong sent Xue Wanche, the general of the Right Wu Guard, to lead an army of 30,000 on a tower boat to cross the sea, into Yalu River, and defeated the Goryeo army in Bozhuo City (now northeast of Dandong, Liaoning);

In 655, because Goryeo and Baekje and the Marine-Hei coalition forces invaded Silla, King Jin Chunqiu of Silla sent envoys to Tang for help. Emperor Gaozong ordered Yingzhou Governor Cheng Mingzhen and the left guard general Su Dingfang to lead troops to attack Goryeo;

In 658, Cheng Mingzhen conquered Chifeng Town, Goryeo (about in Haicheng District, Liaoning) and beheaded 3,000 levels;

In 659, Xue Rengui, the general of the rank of the Tang Right, defeated the Goryeo army at Hengshan (now Huabiao Mountain near Liaoyang, Liaoning).

In 660 AD, the Tang Dynasty destroyed Baekje, and lost its allies and fell into an isolated situation. The following year, Gaozong ordered a large-scale attack on , launching 35 armies, and advancing in land and water. Su Dingfang defeated 's army in Bajiang, and repeatedly won the battles and encircled Pyongyang. He Li defeated Gai Suwen's son boy at Yalushui and killed 30,000 people. At that time, Baekje's old general rebelled, but Su Dingfang could not capture Pyongyang for a long time. When it was snowing and cold, Gaozong ordered the Tang army to go to in February 662. When he retreated, the Zuo Xiaogu General and Wo Judao General Pang Xiaotai were defeated at the Snake River. Pang Xiaotai and his 13 sons (so many of them!) were all killed in battle.

In 666 AD, was in civil turmoil. After Quangai Suwen's death, the prince boy was Mo Lizhi for his behalf, but was forced by his second brother, Nan Jian, and surrendered to the Tang Dynasty. Emperor Gaozong of Tang sent Qi Wei to He Li, Pang Tongshan and others to attack and rescue the Quan boy. Soon, Emperor Gaozong of Tang appointed Li Ji as the chief general of the Liaodong Road marching, commanding the army, and attacking in a separate road. In the next year, many good news on various battlefields were frequently reported: Li Ji captured the Xincheng, a military city of Goryeo (Note: the North Gorge Mountain City of Fushun, Liaoning), and took advantage of the opportunity to capture all 16 nearby cities; Xue Rengui defeated the army in Jinshan, beheaded more than 50,000, and captured the three cities of Nansu, Mudi and Cangyan, and met with the Quan boys' army; Li Ji and others captured Fuyu City, and killed more than 10,000 people, and helped

More than 40 cities in Yuchuan also surrendered, and fought again to Xue Heshui and killed more than 30,000 people to capture Daxing City (Note: Niangniang City, east and west, south, Liaoning). In the spring and summer of 668, various Tang troops met and advanced to Yaluzha. Goryeo sent troops to resist, and the Tang army bravely attacked, defeated the army, chased for more than 200 miles, attacked and captured the Xiyi City (now Yongrou District, Korea). The defenders of other cities in fled or surrendered. The Tang army advanced to the city of Pyongyang and surrounded Pyongyang for more than a month. King Gaozang sent Quannan to lead the leader 98 people to surrender. Quannanjian still refused to defend the door and sent troops to fight many times, but they were all defeated. On September 12, monk Xincheng opened the city gate, and the Tang army rushed into the city, captured Nanjian, and all was pacified.
Chapter completed!