"Mr. Jingxiu, who opposed the merchants of Otuo lending and making profits, why did they resist the Semu people's tax coverage? Isn't it the best way to get enough taxes and save many related officials? " Zhao Bing asked with a smile.

"Businessmen value profit, but those who are greedy for profit will not harm the superiors and do great harm. How can they say that both sides of the world have been done?" Liu said angrily because he heard the emperor of the Southern Dynasty so lightly about his advice, "The court will be greedy for profit, and the merchants will definitely do it twice, and the income comes from the people, which makes people suffer."

"As long as the court regulates, restrains what it does, and limits its gains, the people can be protected from their disturbances!" Zhao Bing said.

"Haha, Your Majesty is such a wise monarch!" Liu Yin praised, but everyone could hear the sarcasm. "How to control it, I am afraid that officials, merchants, snakes and rats will collude with each other, and will become more and more aggressive in exploiting the people. The people will live in poverty and the world will be in turmoil!"

"Is that all?" Zhao Bing asked again without being annoyed.

"Aren't these enough? I wonder what your Majesty wants?" Liu Yin said disdainfully, and the slightest affection for the emperor of the Southern Dynasty disappeared in an instant.

"If Mr. Jingxiu only knows this, it is still too shallow, which makes me a little disappointed!" Zhao Bing shook his head slightly as if he was regretful.

"Oh, I'd like to ask Your Majesty for your great advice!" Liu Yin said with a little surprised, but he was dissatisfied with his neck.

Liu Yin's concerns were actually a bit redundant. Zhao Bing had long been wary of this issue. Although there was no system of buying taxes in modern society, it did not disappear completely. In some aspects, it was still popular in the past. Western scholars also studied the tax system very early.

In "The Wealth of Nations", Adam Smith asserted that "the most cruel tax laws are common in countries where most public income adopt a tax-encapsulated system." This is because, from a long-term perspective, the tax-encapsulated system is not conducive to increasing tax revenue or reducing the burden on the people, but only concentrates wealth in the hands of tax-encapsulated people.

However, Zhu Yuanzhang, who founded the Ming Dynasty, commented on the previous dynasty as "Yuan was lenient and lost the country", which was intriguing. Zhao Bing did not think clearly about what was going on at first, so naturally he had no need to go into it by relying on technology. It was not until he returned here and had an immersive experience that he finally understood the profound meaning.

The popular saying now is "Don't know that others suffer, don't advise others to be good." According to Zhao Bing's understanding, it means being separated from the real environment and speaking out, but in fact it is a hooligan.

The implementation of the tax-inclusive system in the Mongolian Yuan also had a historical background. The Mongols were born in the grassland and were not good at managing finances. Genghis Khan and his descendants created an unprecedentedly vast territory of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty. However, these grassland heroes who "only know how to manage the finances of this huge empire.

When Mongolia began to expand outward, its original purpose was to plunder. Therefore, whenever it arrived at a certain place, it always plundered all its property, and used the captured people and craftsmen as slaves, and distributed them to the kings, nobles and generals according to their merits, while the Khan took one of them. They simply did not know that there was a "tax". At this time, the Semu people appeared.

Since Mongolia is a nomadic people, in addition to drinking horse milk, eating mutton and hunting, there is an extremely lack of handicraft products and needs foreign exchange to meet their living needs. Mongolian nobles also need some luxury goods such as weaving gold clothes. As early as before Genghis Khan established the Great Mongolian Kingdom, many Hui merchants from Central Asia had already come to the desert to do business.

With several "Western expeditions" by the Mongolian army, the vast majority of Western Regions and Central Asia were included in the territory. Therefore, more Western Regions merchants came to the East to do business. The Mongolian nobles at that time did not know how to "cleverly" exploit the settled people, and the Semu merchants naturally acted as their helpers for searching for wealth by "being able to know the system and reason of the city".

The Great Mongolian and Semu merchants started to participate in economic management. Chinese tradition emphasizes "focusing on the foundation and suppressing the end". Merchants have no political status and industry and commerce are not valued. But the situation in the Mongolian Yuan was different. Semu merchants became home and commercial taxes became quite developed.

What is the commercial tax rate in the Yuan Dynasty? One in 30. This tax rate is much lower than that in modern society. Of course, there are many selfish people of people of color. However, standardizing and standardizing the tax system makes it impossible for local officials to exploit and exploit merchants, which is naturally beneficial to the development of business.

On the other hand, it was also stipulated that merchants had to pay taxes on a monthly basis before they could enter urban and rural markets to trade. If there were no tax certificates or if the certificates were not presented, they would be absent. For example, tax absent "half of the materials are not in the official position". In order to crack down on tax evasion, it was also stipulated that "half of the official property is paid for rewards." In this way, the Mongols' commercial tax revenue was naturally very considerable, and everyone was happy to benefit.

However, the Mongolians' financial management concept did not grow much because of the participation of Semu people. After they seized a large area of ​​land in North China from the Jin people, some people in the ruling group believed that the Han people were of no use to the country and advocated driving away the farmers and changing the land into a ranch.

If you do this recklessly, it will inevitably seriously damage the social economy of the Central Plains and force the peasants to resist. Fortunately, Yelu Chucai dispelled this stupid idea in time. He suggested to Ogedei that the Han people were not useless. As long as they were levied local tax, commercial tax, salt, iron, wine and other taxes, they could earn 500,000 taels of silver, 80,000 pieces of silk, and more than 400,000 stones of food each year, which was enough to provide military expenditure.

However, even so, the Mongolian rulers still only attached importance to plundering labor and money from the agricultural areas of the Central Plains, and instead looked down on the governance of the Han land itself, thus a situation of so-called "no governance of the Han land". But after all, with a system, taxes can be collected according to the rules. At this time, the Semu merchants once again participated in the management of the Han land, and "pubuying" was the most prominent point.

What is "pop buying"? In fact, it means that the court does not set up tax collectors, and merchants contract a region or tax through bidding, and pay a certain amount of money to the state in advance to obtain the power to collect taxes. They collect less compensation and retain more. Western Regions merchants Liu Huduma and others filed a tax package for the first time to Ogedei, hoping to buy a national tax with 1.4 million taels of silver.

So in Semu businessman Odulaheman once again asked Ogedei to buy taxes for the world, and offered a price that the Khan could not refuse - 2.2 million taels of silver equivalent to twice the annual tax at that time. As a result, even the talented Yelu Chucai could not prevent Odulaheman from gaining the power of "swapping and buying".

Odulaheman was appointed as a tax envoy from all over the country and was in charge of the ten national tax offices. As expected, after Yelu Chucai obtained the national tax right, Odulaheman also clearly marked the tax authority and subcontracted it layer by layer in order to quickly recover the "pre-investment investment" and make more profits...

"Mr. Jingxiu knows how much is the Mongolian Yuan agricultural tax?" Zhao Bing asked.

"Since the time of Kublai Khan, the taxes in the Central Plains included tax grain and quasi-deficiency. Tax grain was divided into quasi-deficiency and local tax: quasi-deficiency, each quasi-deficiency of the general practitioners was quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the Yuan Dynasty was the same as in the previous Song Dynasty, that is, the autumn tax and summer tax continued to be quasi-deficiency of the summer tax. The summer tax was quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the quasi-deficiency of the monarchy. Liu Yin replied, obviously he still knew about the Mongolian Yuan policy.

"Well, generally speaking, the northern ranks are of heavy taxes and food in the south!" Zhao Bing nodded and said, "Mr. Jingxiu said it well in the first place. The Semu merchants obtained the right to pay taxes, and the taxes he collected from the people will definitely exceed this number. In the eyes of the Mongolian Yuan powerful people, tax-takers can easily help them seize social wealth, which is no different from the pie falling from the sky. But the truth that they must be given is also clear to the gentleman!"

"Of course, the court ordered him to take charge of taxes and of course he had to give him privileges. Even if the tax amount was increased and forced to collect it, the local government did not dare to interfere, and the people had no way to accuse him, which caused the public to have a lot of grievances and social unrest!" Liu Yin said.

"What the sir said is generally good. But it is not that the local governments dare not interfere, but they are in harmony with them, even snakes and rats, and each one makes their own profits." Zhao Bing said, "As far as I know, Zhao Bing, an official of the Anxi Palace, told Ah Hema that Shaanxi's annual income of 19,000 ingots can be earned, but it can be completed with all his heart. So Ah Hema ordered Zhao Bing to be in charge of the general office. Two years later, the local annual income indeed increased to 54,000 ingots. Another Raozhou general manager Yao Wenlong said: Jiangnan's financial tuition can be used for 500,000 ingots per year, and Ah Hema appointed him as the envoy of the Daohui of Jiangxi."

"It is obvious that local officials are willing to raise taxes in order to promote their posts, while Semu merchants can obtain huge amounts of wealth from them and use the government to collect taxes. This will inevitably lead to corruption in the officialdom. In order to seek political achievements, they will use all means to increase the tax payments paid by the local area exponentially, and undoubtedly cultivate a group of evil officials who are as powerful as the tiger."

"What Your Majesty says is reasonable. If officials collude with Semu merchants for profit, they will inevitably shelter their actions and even indulge them, making it useless for the government to conduct a silence, making it difficult for the court to know the local truth, and the people have no way to appeal." Liu Yin nodded and said.

"This is just one of them, and what is more serious is that it leads to the vicious expansion of the power of gentry and landlords, and it also loses the ability to educate and protect the people in the country. Instead, it helps the evildoers and exploit and oppress the people with the merchants of Semu." Zhao Bing said.
Chapter completed!