Yang Lianshan read the memorial loudly in public, with the tone of melodiousness, which was very touching, and the content was quite contagious. But in Zhao Bing's opinion, he was indeed empty and short-sighted, and the only thing that made him admire was that this kid was still a little courageous. Now he is no longer the timid little fat man who had just ascended to the throne.

After staying in a high position for a long time, Zhao Bing has involuntarily developed the majesty of the superiors. Moreover, he has led troops to fight for many years and killed the enemy generals with his hands. He has also condensed his iron-blooded breath. Therefore, he has formed a temperament of being arrogant without anger. Not to mention ordinary people, even ordinary officials will be trembling when they see him. But this kid is not afraid at all, and his little mouth does not stutter at all.

So Zhao Bing felt that the boy in front of him was either stupid or bold. However, the possibility of being stupid was extremely small. Those who could enter Taixue Jiazhai were excellent scholars recommended by various schools. If a fool was involved, the joke would be a big joke. However, in his opinion, he was still a stupid and bold, and he did not have the political mind that a quasi-official should have, and lacked the ability to understand the situation and a calm personality.

After listening to the memorials that gathered countless efforts of the students of the Taishu, Zhao Bing just shook his head and smiled bitterly. Although the article was gorgeous and quoted from classics and was a model essay, the content still did not break out of the category of "clear talk". In his opinion, clear talk covers a wide range of meanings, and in the long river of history, it often changes due to time and place.

However, there are two characteristics that remain unchanged. One is that the simple talk corresponds to common talk, which must be a noble topic; the other is that the simple talker must be a cultural person. For example, where we usually like to discuss, and which horse Wang Laowu has bought, such vulgar things must be excluded from the simple talk. For example, the workers, peasants and soldiers are concerned about the four seasons of agriculture and sericulture and national defense, and these are also civil affairs and cannot participate in the simple talk.

In the early days, Qingshu should be regarded as a tool for scholars to communicate their doctrines, because ancient Chinese academics did not have natural sciences and did not talk about experiments. Therefore, the improvement of academics mainly relies on conversations to communicate. Many of the academic thoughts of the great masters were recorded during the conversation, and the content of the discussion was mainly academic issues.

This situation changed during the Jin Dynasty. Because at that time the family monopolized the advancement level, the so-called "there are no poor families at the top, and there are no nobles at the bottom". First, it is not necessary to look at work performance, and second, there is no imperial examination at that time. As long as the children of the scholars are born with the capital to be a high-ranking official, they naturally have no need to care about practical things. In addition, the children of the family are born with superiority, so they are even more reluctant to talk about secular topics.

The national economy and people's livelihood, natural physics, military politics, etc. are all regarded as things that reduce identity. Anyway, who can talk about it and make people faint will be regarded as having a high level. Intellectuals like to think about it. Once they get out of reality, what should they think about? What should they compare with the level? They will inevitably develop in the mysterious direction.

Why choose metaphysics? Because some people are afraid of losing their heads when talking about politics, while gods and ghosts do not commit taboos; the other group of people think that it is possible to become immortals through understanding the mystery. As a result, everyone talks about metaphysics, and those in power are also involved. Gods and immortals have not yet cultivated, but they have opened the door for Buddhism to spread eastward. Therefore, they were in court and in the wild, and no one cared about serious matters. Some county officials even closed the door and drank and talked about it after taking office. They didn’t know the local population and the taxes they paid for several years.

Intellectuals and officials like metaphysics. In modern times, these people are not doing their jobs, but at that time they were regarded as "noble and unrestrained". Metaphysics is an independent science, and pure talk is an elegant way of behavior. So everyone is proud of it and everyone is following it. This is the origin of what later generations said, "clear talk is a disaster for the country."

Qingtan also had an inseparable brother - Qingtan. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, foreign tribes' sweeping of the Central Plains and warlords' melee destroyed the social foundation of the aristocratic families. The imperial examinations were established in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and it also broke the monopoly of the scholars' family on personnel affairs. Intellectuals from poor families could participate in politics, and officials had to conduct regular assessments, so Qingtan had to die, and replaced it with Qingtan.

Unlike pure talk, pure talk is about politics and targeting the politics and figures at that time. The fate of ancient intellectuals was always closely related to politics, so as they talked, they naturally inevitably ignored current affairs and rated people. Especially in the late Han Dynasty, eunuchs were in power, and the officialdom became a business store. The literati in the wild had no way to advance, and they hated the corruption of the political situation, so they "each man was inspiring and the sermons discussed the situation in a vassal manner."

From this we can see that Qingyi was the patent of the opposition at the beginning. Because he was both concerned and unable to get involved, he could only "discuss". Of course, not everyone could discuss Qingyi. These "commons" were all so-called Qingliu, that is, pure cultural people. No matter how rich the wealthy businessman was, he was not qualified to discuss it. Later, military officers who did not rely on the imperial examinations to enter the official career, or who climbed up with one sword and one shot on the battlefield were not considered Qingliu.

"The style of literati has always influenced the official class." Behind it is the entire feudal bureaucracy - the scholar-official class. If there were different schools and theories in the Jin Dynasty, then the moral values ​​and values ​​of the scholars have been highly unified since the Tang and Song dynasties. Their clear discussions often speak in one voice, and they are sharply shattered.

Compared with the philosophy of the world-wide philosophy, Qing Notice has gradually become a kind of political public opinion. Moreover, due to the style of Qingliu scholars, they did not fear the powerful and advocated integrity and justice, and exposed corrupt officials. Qingliu became a force that cannot be ignored. In the society when reputation was the priority, bureaucrats from the literati class were all controlled by them, regardless of whether they were in the court or in the wild.

Of course, this situation is inseparable from the rulers. After entering the Song Dynasty, Taizu implemented the right-literature policy. At the same time, in order to control the bureaucrats, the censors and censors relied heavily on censors and even decided on the family law of "no killing those who wrote to write to talk about things". This made the Qingliu people feel fearless, and thus the Qingliu discussions became the main channel to influence national policies and a force that cannot be ignored.

However, Zhao Bing was very clear that Qingbing was a big step forward compared to Qingbing. Once someone discovered its value, he would regard Qingbing as a political tool. The tools must be manipulated, so how much positive significance there is in it is said. The rulers also discovered the disadvantages of it, which could hinder their official path. The people in the opposition would have a louder voice, and even the emperor could not do anything to them.

Like Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, when he met those who dared to give advice in the extreme form of "carrying a coffin and killing advice" he could only retreat. He was firmly resisted by the scholars and officials in terms of marriage and family issues, and he had no choice but to hide. He ignored the government affairs for decades, which was quite like the style of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest". However, this time the roles of both sides were completely reversed.

The memorial was very long, roughly similar to the manuscripts Zhao Bing had read before, but the order and focus were adjusted and arranged, and the content still retained the soul of the senior literati, Qing. They were very consciously separated from agriculture, industry and commerce. They were still used for discussion on practical topics such as economy, national defense, and people's livelihood, but disdained practice; when dealing with political affairs and characters, they still started from a moral perspective...

"Your Majesty, the students have finished reading the memorial. Please sincerely accept advice, eliminate turbidity and clarify, and eliminate accumulated problems!" It took about two quarters of an hour before Yang Lianshan finished reading it, and then bowed his head to present the memorial.

"I am very puzzled about what you said, and I will ask you for advice!" Zhao Bing took the reposted memorial, and a small yellow gate brought a desk with a pen, ink, paper and inkstone. He unfolded it on the desk, looked at it pretending to be a few times, and said with a smile.

"Students dare not wait!" The students bowed and returned the salute, but they felt very good at the attitude of the young emperor asking questions.

"You advise me to implement benevolent politics, so I want to ask what benevolent politics is?" Zhao Bing asked with a brief thought.

"Mencius said: "The people are the most important, the country is the next, and the king is the least. In other words, the people are the most important! " Zhang Ruifeng answered first.

"How should we understand the people-oriented approach?" Zhao Bing asked again.

"Your loves the people, and those who govern the government do not compete with the people for profit, so that the people can be happy!" Li Yun replied, but he was puzzled in his heart why the little emperor asked such a simple question.

"I ask again, what is happiness?"

"Of course, there is no external trouble, no internal troubles, the people have enough food and clothing, the elderly have a place to support, and the children have some education!" Zheng Youmei finally got a first move, and said proudly.

"Does there be external troubles in my court?"

"The Central Plains have not yet recovered, and the old capital is still trapped by the enemy. The Tartars are looking at the south of the Yangtze River; the southwest Yunnan is in turmoil, threatening Huguang; most of the lands in Sichuan and Shu are still in the opponent, and can still go south along the Yangtze River and threaten our hinterland; on the southeast coast, Goryeo thieves are rampant, invading prefectures and counties, and looting merchant ships. Of course, there are deep external troubles and dangers everywhere!" Yang Lianshan replied.

"Does my dynasty have internal worries?"

"At present, the court is in charge of treacherous slander and gangs, forming cliques for personal gain, and revering martial arts and abolishing literature. Scholars have no way to serve the country, and the people are suffering from conquests, so they are naturally deeply worried!" Yang Lianshan replied again.

"I will be confused like this!" Zhao Bing said in confusion, "Since you all agree that our dynasty has serious external troubles, why did you write a memorial to resign and return to the court when I launched the Northern Expedition and expelled the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, and said that I was busy and powerful and used military personnel?"

"You also think that you have constant internal worries, but since I returned to Jiangnan, I have been assassinated twice, but they were all done by scholars in Jiangnan. Now you have repeatedly submitted joint memorials to interfere with national policies and government affairs. What do you want to do? Do you think the country is not chaotic enough?"

"I ask you again. You claim that all people are asking for your orders and advise me to put the people first. But there is a way to improve people's livelihood in your memorial? On the contrary, they are all complaining about themselves and saying unfairly, thinking that they have been treated unfairly. Please explain it to me!"
Chapter completed!