A joint committee of free historians conducted an in-depth and detailed study of a large number of documents related to this incident. On April 13, 1990, when Polish President Jaruzelski visited the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union officially recognized Katyn

Take full responsibility for the incident.

According to the latest research by Polish, Russian, German and Lithuanian historians, 12.13 million Soviet prisoners of war were imprisoned in Poland between 1919 and 1921, of which 65,000 to 70,000 returned to Russia, and more than 6,000 became White Guards (in Poland, Germany, Romania and the Baltics)

country), 2,000 people became Polish residents and acquired nationality. Therefore, a total of more than 45,000 people turned into bones in the death camps.

In order to retaliate against Poland's atrocities against Soviet prisoners of war, on March 5, 1940, the Soviet People's Commissar for Internal Affairs (Minister of Internal Affairs) Beria wrote a report on the execution of more than 20,000 prisoners of war and prisoners, mainly Polish officers.

It was submitted to Stalin and the Central Committee of the Soviet Communist Party (Bolsheviks) for review and approval, and was immediately approved.

In early April 1940, the execution of Polish prisoners of war officially began. Hundreds of captured Polish officers were taken into cars from the above three prisoner of war camps and secretly transported to the Katyn Forest, the place of execution. The executioners stood behind the Polish prisoners of war and shouted with *

The *** shot them in the back of the head. After burying them, the Soviet personnel spread a thick layer of soil on top. Soon, the second batch of prisoners of war was transported to the place and treated in the same way. Until mid-May of that year,

The Soviet Union executed a total of 4,421 Polish prisoners of war in the Katyn Forest. They were buried in eight large pits, covered with pine and birch trees. In addition to the Katyn Forest, the Soviet Union also executed them in the Starobelsk Prisoner of War Camp.

3,820 people were executed, 6,311 people were executed in Ostashkov Concentration Camp, and 7,305 people were executed in other prisoner of war camps and prisons in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus. Including the 4,421 people executed in Katyn Forest, a total of 21,857 people, including about 1.5

Ten thousand Polish officers and soldiers were captured.

Leaving aside this matter, the three partitions of Poland in history were all directly related to Great Russia. In May 1772, Czarist Russia, Prussia, and Austria held talks in Petersburg and signed the First Agreement on August 5.

The Treaty of the Second Partition of Poland. According to this, Poland lost about 35% of its territory and 33% of its population, and Poland became a protectorate of Russia, Prussia, and Austria. On January 23, 1793, Russia and Prussia signed the Second Treaty in Petersburg.

The agreement to partition Poland for the first time. After the second partition, Poland became a small country with only 200,000 square kilometers of territory and a population of 4 million. It became a puppet state of Tsarist Russia. The King of Poland was not allowed to declare war or make peace with foreign countries without the permission of the Tsar. In 1795

On January 3, Russia and Austria signed an agreement for the third partition of Poland. On October 24, Prussia also signed the agreement. According to the agreement, all Polish territory was divided. "Russia annexed Lithuania, Courland, Western

Belarus and the west of Volyn pushed the border to the Nieman River-Bug River line. A total of 120,000 square kilometers and a population of 1.2 million; Austria occupied all of Lesser Poland, including Krakow and Lublin, and part of Mazorov

The Mazovia area totaled 47,500 square kilometers and had a population of 1.5 million; Prussia captured the remaining western region, Warsaw, and part of the Mazovia area, totaling 55,000 square kilometers and with a population of 1 million." So far, it has existed for more than 800 years.

The country of Poland perished. In summary, during the three partitions of Poland, the territory occupied by Tsarist Russia accounted for about 62% of the original Polish territory, a total of more than 460,000 square kilometers; Prussia occupied about 20%, a total of about 141,100 square kilometers.

; Austria occupied about 18%, a total of about 121,800 square kilometers. After these three partitions, Poland was subjugated, and Poland disappeared from the map of Europe for 123 years.

After finally establishing his own country after World War I, it was divided again during World War II. From October 1938, Hitler raised the issue of the Polish Corridor to Poland and issued a war threat to Poland. In 1939

On August 23, the Soviet Union and Germany signed a non-aggression pact and a secret protocol demarcating spheres of influence (the Soviet Union has always denied the existence of this secret protocol). On September 1, 1939, Germany raided Poland with a blitzkrieg and quickly occupied most of Poland's territory.

, the Polish army and people fought heroically. On September 17, the Polish government fled abroad and first formed a government-in-exile in Paris headed by General Sikorski (www.jtxsk.comiuszsikorski). After France's defeat, in 1940, the government-in-exile moved to

United Kingdom. At the same time, on September 17, Soviet leader Stalin (nocnфВnccapnohoвnчctaлnh) ordered 600,000 Soviet Red Army troops to cross the Soviet-Polish border, enter eastern Poland, and occupy Western Ukraine and Western Belarus in order to establish the Eastern Defense Line. On September 18,

The Soviet army and the German army met at Brest-Litovsk, and the German and Soviet armies divided Poland along the Pisa River-Narev River-Vistula River-San River. On September 28,

The German army captured Warsaw and Poland fell again. The Polish people began the anti-fascist war of national liberation.

In 1941, Germany attacked the Soviet Union and occupied all Polish territory. Then the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with the Polish government-in-exile. In 1942, the government-in-exile established the National Army in the country. In the same year, the Polish communists supported by the Soviet Union established the Polish Workers' Party and the Polish Workers' Party.

The People's Army launched an arduous struggle against the Nazi occupation forces underground. For this, many people paid their precious lives. In 1943, due to the Katyn Forest incident, the exile government once again severed diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union.

As the war situation developed, the Soviet counterattack gradually pushed the front into Poland. On New Year's Day in 1944, at the initiative of the Workers' Party, the National People's Congress was established, with Boles Bierut as chairman. In 1944

On July 22, the National People's Congress formed the Polish National Liberation Committee in Chełm and promulgated the historic July Declaration, declaring the birth of a new Polish state.

In August 1944, the Soviet Red Army advanced to the outskirts of Warsaw. In order to obtain greater benefits from the newly born Polish state power institutions, the exile government in the United Kingdom,

He ordered the underground national army in Warsaw to launch an uprising, which became the famous Warsaw Uprising.

According to the decisions of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences, the eastern and western borders of Poland were determined. The Curzon Line in the east was the Polish-Soviet border, and the Polish-German border in the west was pushed westward to the Oder-Neisse River, and Szczecin and Schwino were

Wis was included in the Polish side of the border. In this way, Poland's territory as a whole moved westward by more than 200 kilometers, and its area was reduced by about 76,000 square kilometers compared with before the war, which was a loss of about 20% of its territory.

In World War II, the Polish people made huge sacrifices for the anti-fascist war. About 6 million Polish soldiers and civilians died in this war. Many concentration camps where the Nazis massacred Jews and other civilians were found in Poland, the most famous of which

It was the Auschwitz concentration camp. Among all the countries that participated in the war, Poland had the heaviest casualties in terms of population.

Generally speaking, in history, the redwood trees owe more to the Polish people. Although the redwood trees developed a relatively terrifying power in Poland during the Cold War, they are now in terrible decline. Of course, most of this is

This was the ability of the Americans in the ten years from 1990 to 2000. Later, it was destroyed by energy groups, and now it can only survive.

After rejecting the "good intentions" of Great Russia, Poland also began to prepare for war. They knew the temperament of their neighbor. Whether it was the Tsarist Russia period, the Soviet Union period or the current Great Russia period, they always wanted to fight if they disagreed.

The two countries are not at the same level militarily. However, the Polish government is very good at doing things. A few years ago, it provided sanctions to the United States and energy groups in the border areas.

Each has a large military base, which is also the largest military base of the two major forces in Eastern Europe. In the past, the two countries had a lot of internal fighting in Poland. The losses of each were not small, but now the army is pressing down on the border, it seems that their own

That matter can be left alone. If this place is occupied by Great Russia, then there will be no need to retain this base, just like the energy group's base in western Europe. If you have ten thousand people inside, there will be ten outside

Thousands of people are watching you, but you can't move at all.

Immediately after the legitimate rejection, other arguments came forward. Great Russia used a cross-border incident that year as a reason to demand that Poland hand over the 32 Wehrmacht soldiers who killed people. Otherwise, they would have to exercise their rights.

The Polish side naturally doesn't know where to find a murderer for Great Russia, because there is no such thing. Where can they find it for you? This is obviously something that cannot be established, and they don't know what to do.

Facing Great Russia, we can only ask for help from energy groups and the Americans on the one hand. I even sent a message to Europa. On the other hand, I ordered the army across the country to start first-level combat readiness to prevent Great Russia from jumping over the wall in a hurry.

Great Russia saw that Poland had this attitude. For a small country like me to dare to resist when faced with one of the four major powers like me, it simply doesn’t give me face. Although we are the lowest among the four major powers, we are still worse than

Your country is much stronger, right? Great Russia, which felt that it could not live up to its reputation, immediately began to mobilize. The Belarusian-Ukrainian Army that was originally near the national border was immediately transferred to near the national border, and deep groups in the interior also began.

Mobilized, intact railway lines could send them to the Polish front within a day.

It can be said that the number of troops in Belarus and Ukraine is only the same. Belarus’s can basically be ignored. Ukraine’s military strength is quite good, but it can protect itself, but it is difficult to say about aggression.

After Ukraine withdrew from the Soviet Union and declared independence, it inherited the troops and corresponding facilities of the three former Soviet military districts (Kiev Military District, Odessa Military District and Transkarpal Military District) within its territory. The Ukrainian army thus became one of Europe's leading forces

One of the most powerful armies, possessing nuclear weapons and modern conventional weapons and equipment.

The number of the Ukrainian army at that time was about 700,000. The army's strength included 14 motorized infantry divisions, 6 air defense brigades, 8 artillery brigades, 4 tank divisions, 3 artillery divisions and 1 special forces group; the air force included 3

Army group (with more than a thousand fighter planes), 7 armed helicopter regiments and 1 air defense group army. In terms of nuclear weapons, Ukraine had 176 intercontinental ballistic missiles and approximately 2,600 tactical nuclear weapons at the time.

As of the beginning of 2022, the number of active personnel in the Ukrainian army has dropped sharply to 196,000. The primary reason for the retirement of a large number of officers and soldiers is insufficient military spending and poor treatment of the troops. Many officers have been waiting for the housing promised by the country since the last century. Currently, approximately

48,000 military officer families are queuing up to apply, of which 13,000 families have been waiting for more than 10 years. The salary is also not satisfactory. Contract private soldiers have a monthly salary of 870 hryvnias (about 8 hryvnias for 1 US dollar) and serve for 3 years.

The monthly salary of a corporal is 1,100 hryvnia, which is only half of the national average salary. The monthly salary of a lieutenant colonel and battalion commander who has served for 18 years is only 2,500 hryvnia, which is much less than that of middle-level government officials. With this meager salary, officers and soldiers

They have to rely on it to support their families and pay their rent. Therefore, it is not surprising that a large number of officers are taking off their military uniforms and leaving. In 2029 alone, 2,500 officers will choose to retire, of which 2,000 are still on contract. This

The momentum remains unchecked.

The military is not only an armed system that defends the country, it is also a university that trains young people. However, this training system has also collapsed, and it is no longer honorable to join the military camp. Although many young people still try their best to join the army, some even at the expense of

Bribes were paid to the Selective Service Board to cover up their health problems. But this was not because of the glory of being a soldier, but because the unemployment rate (especially in remote areas) remained high and young people hoped to use the military as a springboard to work in the police and security services.

Due to the serious lack of long-term military spending, by 2028, the Ukrainian army will have only 31 of the 112 active fighters, only 10 of the 24 bombers, only 6 of the 12 reconnaissance aircraft, and only 8 of the 39 attack aircraft capable of taking off for combat.

In other words, only 30% of the aviation force has combat effectiveness. In 2029, this situation will not change.

In addition, the combat readiness level of the armored and artillery units is only 60%. The development of missile systems is already above average. There is no money to improve fighter aircraft and tank groups. The situation of the navy is even worse, with only 30% of the warships left by the Soviet Union still in service.

And there is no place to repair these ships, because the shipbuilding industry is actually paralyzed.

At present, the per capita military expenditure of the Ukrainian army is only 6,000 US dollars, that of Russia is 8 times, and that of France is 23 times. The army's demand for military supplies and equipment can only meet 20%, and food security can only meet 60-70%.

, fuel funds can only guarantee 10-12%, and the guarantee rate of digital communication systems is only 2%. New equipment cannot be counted on. Throughout 2029, no new equipment was purchased, and only 2 pieces of equipment were modified?? One bmp1u

Infantry fighting vehicle and a T64B tank.

The combat training situation of the Ukrainian army is also very bad. In 2028, the flying time of ace pilots was only 50 hours. In 2029, the average flying time of pilots was only 4 hours. For comparison, this indicator for NATO forces is 120 hours. The average is 3 years

There was only one shooting training. Considering that the military service period of non-contract soldiers is only one year, only one of the three new recruits has the opportunity to shoot. In the Soviet era, shooting drills were only held once every six months. (To be continued.

.)
Chapter completed!