Chapter 285 Aircraft, Tanks, Penicillin
The spring of 1913 came very early. As soon as there was a hint of spring, the climate immediately became warmer.↑, white clouds floating in the blue sky, as if they were constantly rolling, and groups of sparrows were scattered on the willow trees, screaming so loudly and passionately that the commotion and joy of life could be felt everywhere.
Accompanied by the buzzing sound, the two planes hovered in the air and flew, like light birds, competing against each other without giving in.
Chen Wenqiang held up a telescope and looked carefully at the two planes in the air. They were a monoplane and a biplane, designed and manufactured by Folk and Feng Ru respectively.
After more than a year of investment and development, the aircraft made by Folk and Feng Ru have made great progress. The engine power has increased from 80 horsepower to 260 horsepower. The long rectangular section fuselage is welded into a skeleton with light steel pipes, covered with cloth, and abandoned the complicated wire-opening structure. The wings are supported by rigid pillars, which greatly reduces flight resistance.
Since the engine power of today's aircraft is relatively small, and it is usually modified with vehicle engines and is relatively heavy, the tension generated cannot ensure that the aircraft obtains high speed. To take off at low speeds, lift must be increased, and the easiest way to increase lift is naturally to increase the number of wings.
Judging from the current situation, biplane or triplane is obviously more conducive to improving maneuverability and climbing performance, making it particularly lightweight and flexible in air combat.
Chen Wenqiang does not understand aerodynamics, but he knows that monoplane replaces multiplane aircraft is a historical trend. Although monoplane does not show any advantages due to the materials and engines used to manufacture aircraft, it is not wrong to carry out research and development in this area in advance and accumulate experience.
Feng Ru was next to him, very young, showing vigorous vitality in his two attributes: body and behavior. He also held up a telescope and observed the plane's flight movements, muttering in a low voice: "You should drive yourself, just like Folk, to discover more problems."
Folk is born an expert in flying. After each flight, he always has a natural feeling to discover the problems of the plane itself and propose ways to improve it. He said: "No one on my plane has found so many defects like me." Therefore, Feng Ru naturally wanted to fly himself in order to make suggestions for improving the plane.
But Chen Wenqiang once sent him two assistants, namely monitors, to strictly limit his flights. Although the parachute has entered the practical stage, it is also facing many problems and is constantly improving. When the safety factor has not been greatly improved, Chen Wenqiang must try his best to ensure that this Chinese aircraft designer does not have any accidents. If he is not a member of my race, his heart will be different. Of course, Chen Wenqiang will be wary of Folk.
"Before you train a large number of qualified pilots and design a better plane, you should try to fly as little as possible." Chen Wenqiang held up the telescope, with no sense of comfort in his tone. "You must take out the shooting coordinator you designed as soon as possible and install the machine gun on the plane to make the plane have air combat capabilities."
"The aviation school has recruited more than 200 people this year. The students of the first phase can already graduate. There are several outstanding students who can act as instructors. I think they can transfer their energy from the aviation school to other aspects." Feng Ru defended with some dissatisfaction: "As for the shooting coordinator, I already understand the principle, and designing it should not be difficult."
"I understand your mood, but you also need to know that at present, you are a valuable asset of the country, and I must try my best to ensure your safety." Chen Wenqiang put down his telescope and said earnestly: "We don't have much time left. The plane needs to be fixed, produced, and constantly improved. It is difficult to complete without you. Folk is a foreigner, without your patriotism and a work style of forgetting to eat and sleep. After all, he came for fame and interests."
Feng Ru pursed her lips and said slowly: "Okay, I listen to the Secretary of State. Actually, before returning to China, I didn't expect that the country would attach so much importance to aircraft and flight career, especially Mr. Secretary of State. This touched and inspired me. This flight also wanted to find the problem of aircraft faster and improve it as soon as possible."
Chen Wenqiang smiled faintly. In this world, there may be only China that is so optimistic about the future of aircraft and invests a lot of effort in research and development and manufacturing.
Of course, in addition to the state's withdrawal, the huge amount of funds he funded also played a great role. Moreover, in Xi'an, there is not only the Weapon Research Institute, which recruits many high-tech talents, but also a large number of technical workers have been concentrated in the urban-effective aircraft manufacturing factory, and a large number of advanced processing and manufacturing machinery can be used to mass-made aircraft.
Similar to this is a remote valley more than 50 miles from Xi'an. The development of tanks there has also made breakthrough progress in the development of tractor factories jointly invested by Sino-US joint ventures.
It is a light tank with a rotating turret that can withstand the attacks of infantry weapons. Moreover, the power cabin is located at the rear and the driver is installed in front of the vehicle body, which is in line with most of the characteristics of later tanks. The disadvantage is that the vehicle body is riveted, the armor is not thick enough, the firepower is not strong enough, and the turret cannot rotate 360 degrees in all directions, and can only strike targets within 120 degrees in front.
But this is already a very advanced and powerful weapon, and it is also the world's first tank with practical significance.
The birth of any new weapon may become a star on the war stage and bring about a series of strategic and tactical innovations. The General Staff Department has secretly sent a staff team to conduct research and discussions on new tactics in Xi'an based on the characteristics of tanks. In this way, China will not only lead other countries in the research and manufacturing of tanks, but will also greatly surpass other countries in tactical theory.
The armored vehicles were made with tanks. As early as 1855, the British Cohen installed machine guns and armor on the chassis of the steam tractor, made a wheeled armored vehicle, and obtained a patent. By 1900, Britain had put armored cars into the British-British War in South Africa.
But in some aspects, the ones made in China are now more practical and targeted, and can better fight with tanks.
In many cases, invention and creation are not restricted by technical conditions, but the limitation of ideological innovation. In other words, it is: it is not impossible to do it, but it is impossible to imagine it.
Chen Wenqiang just made up for the shortcomings of China's technology in this regard, and he could not do it, but he could think that this is a shortcut that can save countless funds, countless time and countless manpower.
"War is the father of all things", this is a famous saying by Heraclitus, a Greek who lived in the fifth century BC.
Let’s not discuss whether it is correct or not, people have indeed seen that war has actually played a huge role in the development of weapons and military technology.
When an aircraft appeared in the sky as a combat weapon, people had never expected that this kind of thing would completely change the form of war. Because shooting with a pistol, rifle or machine gun on an aircraft is extremely difficult.
However, Chen Wenqiang was extremely confident in foreseeing that China would become the pioneer of air combat and the pioneer of large-scale air bombing.
The finalization and production of fighter jets, bombers, reconnaissance aircraft, and three types of aircraft were finally confirmed, which will leave a heavy mark in the history of China**.
Although the current bomber has a speed of less than 150 kilometers per hour, a bomb load of only 200 kilograms, a short range, and a biplane, it is the world's first dedicated bomber, and will also use electric bombers, bombing sights and other instruments. Not only that, the research on multiple bombers has also been put on the agenda, and Chen Wenqiang has paid a huge sum of money for this. But he was happy and happy.
"The firmness of the aircraft must be strengthened so that when performing some dive-like actions during flight, there will be no disintegration." Chen Wenqiang was still a little worried about the current seemingly thin aircraft at the dinner.
Folk tasted the fine wine and delicacies, looked at the gold medal that had just hung on his chest, and said happily: "The wings can also be reinforced, but this will increase the weight of the aircraft, which will inevitably sacrifice some maneuverability and range."
Chen Wenqiang pondered for a moment. He had to make a decision quickly. Time was getting tighter and tighter, and everything was no longer allowed.
"Make the plane solid first." Chen Wenqiang weighed the pros and cons, and finally made a decision. "As the engine performance improves, I think it should be able to gradually make up for some shortcomings."
As a modern person, Chen Wenqiang's concept is different from that of people at this time. He attaches great importance to human life and must not let the trained pilots sit in the coffin in the air just because the plane reaches some indicators.
In addition, his decision is also more objective and practical. China attaches great importance to the development of special aviation engines, and Germany has also invested in research and development, and other countries will also notice it. Therefore, the temporary sacrifice of maneuverability is believed to be compensated in the near future.
Moreover, after the aircraft is strong, it can make some aerial actions, such as diving, which is very useful. It not only increases the accuracy of bombing, but also poses a great threat to enemies on land. Short range is not a problem. China currently adopts near-shore defense, and the aircraft still has the ability to make a circle at the doorstep.
The advancement of technology emerged from the innovation of theory. Aerodynamics, as an emerging course, has started teaching at Peking University. Due to its good relations with Germany, the Chinese government successfully hired three professors from the famous Aerodynamic Institute of the University of Göttingen and funded them to establish the institute at Peking University to continue their research in China.
Of course, this is not the only foreign personnel hired by the Chinese government. Experts from both the United States and Germany are working in the Engine Research Institute, Submarine Research Institute, etc.
Chen Wenqiang hopes that these experts can do their best to regard China as their motherland, but this is just hope after all.
Just like Folk, he is a person who is well versed in the world. Although he does not drink or smoke, his actions are still noticeable. Although Chen Wenqiang once expressed his wishes to him in a tactful manner, he has always refused to become a Chinese nationality. He believes that he "has the stubbornness of a Dutch by nature"!
This is the problem. Chen Wenqiang was not sure whether Folk would reveal some new achievements, so that he had to take some precautions to ensure that these military and technological achievements can achieve the greatest benefits for the country at the right time.
Fortunately, as an aircraft manufacturer, Folk is entrusting many things to others. This is a practical situation for all aircraft manufacturers. When their careers start, they can take on various tasks, but when their business develops, they need technical assistance. Chen Wenqiang hopes that this technical team will completely replace Folk in the near future.
After the banquet, Chen Wenqiang took a car back to another hidden place in the outskirts of Xi'an. It was heavily guarded and was a test base for penicillin production.
From the discovery of Penicillium, isolating bacterial species, purifying, crystallizing, and now conducting industrial production, it has been six years, and there is still no final success.
It turns out that the production of penicillin was carried out in a two-quart glass bottle. It uses solid culture technology and the yield is extremely low, with only two units per milliliter. After a series of technological improvements such as bacteria selection and transformation of fermentation technology, the yield and quality of penicillin have been rapidly improved, but the titer ratio is still not ideal.
Although the desire to produce penicillin in large quantities has not yet been realized due to the limited conditions, due to a good research foundation and the continuous financial support of Chen Wenqiang and Wang Hongtu, the equipment is constantly expanding, and a batch of the latest fermentation equipment is imported from the United States, which produces citric acid. After repeated transformations by Chen Wenqiang and others, the fermentation titer alone has increased from 100 units/ml to more than 1,000 units/ml.
The penicillin industry can be called a high-tech industry even in the 1940s. The rapid development of penicillin industries in the United States, Britain and other countries depends on its leading scientific and technological level and modern industrial foundation.
In China, the industrial foundation is very weak, and Chen Wenqiang advanced this achievement by more than 20 years ago. There will inevitably be many difficulties in producing penicillin. Therefore, in Chen Wenqiang's view, it is not easy to reach the current level, which is close to the limit.
It is precisely because of the complex production process and very small output that penicillin is more precious. At present, this penicillin production method, which is not the most advanced than in history, is the last step away from the process of crystallization that must be made by industrial production.
This will be a milestone because penicillin is a basic production industry that starts with raw materials. Its production integrates a variety of disciplines and technologies. Its construction and management are meticulous and complex, and must rely on modern science and technology and management methods to operate.
Over the years, through Chen Wenqiang's continuous guidance and training, through thousands of experiments and strong financial support, a group of young talents have been trained and trained. This is not just the birth of a new drug, but a leap in China's pharmaceutical industry.
The weather in Beijing is already hot enough in mid-July. At three or four o'clock in the afternoon, it is the most unbearable time of the day. The air is hot and stuffy, as if you can light it by scratching a match.
The electric fan kept turning, but the wind blew was also full of enthusiasm. After reading the document, Song Jiaoren smiled and handed it to Wu Luzhen, saying, "Look, Wen Qiang finally has the intention to come back."
Wu Luzhen rolled her eyes and smiled bitterly: "It's just the meaning of coming back. Isn't it even a quid day?"
"That depends on the speed of the construction of the pharmaceutical factory." Song Jiaoren said: "As described in Wen Qiang's document, it can be called a magical medicine but not an exaggeration. Wang Hongtu has already raised money from real estate and real estate. In addition, the huge amount raised by wealthy businessmen such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang are the largest pharmaceutical factory in Asia and even ranked among the top in the world will be built in Xi'an soon."
Wu Luzhen nodded and said, "Wen Qiang also asked us to invest in the shares. President, how much do you plan to buy?"
Song Jiaoren shook his head and smiled, "Wen Qiang is busy with this medicine from invention to development, and then to production. I remember it has been seven or eight years, and the funds and energy he invested are extremely huge. Now, I am embarrassed to let us enjoy the fruits. Besides, I have a lot of salary and various allowances, so I don't want to be criticized anymore."
"Then I won't get involved." Wu Luzhen agreed: "Investing in stocks is just a name. There are no things that Wen Qiang has created without making money. What's the difference between giving money and giving money, it's really easy to get criticized."
"Actually, Wen Qiang intended to donate this magic medicine to the country at first." Song Jiaoren sighed very much.
Wu Luzhen waved his hand and said, "His contribution to the country is already great enough. Although I have not calculated it carefully, his investment from the founding of the Baath Party until now is absolutely a shocking amount. Even if this is not the case, we cannot constantly seek and deprive individuals of their wealth in the name of national justice."
"This is a principle, a principle that a democratic country should have." Song Jiaoren said: "Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you. What countries that have come out of the feudal era are the deep-rooted feudal traditional consciousness. The shores of the land are the kings, and the shores of the land are the kings, and the ministers are the kings. This is the most likely to make the people feel insecure and affect their talent development."
Wu Luzhen nodded in agreement and said, "It is indeed wrong to ask others to abandon their family and business, and to require others to have selfless and noble morality."
Song Jiaoren took out a document and handed it to Wu Luzhen. According to Chen Wenqiang's opinion, three elite divisions were drawn from the Beijing Military Region, the Northeast Military Region and the Northwest Military Region to go to Xi'an for special training. These three divisions will also become the first armored troops formed by China.
Chapter completed!