Chapter 208 Provisional government, vigorous
The battleground of Hankou, which was fighting fiercely, gradually became relaxed. Although the Beiyang Army still fired guns and attacked continuously every day, it was no longer the scene of corpses and blood in the sea of death a few days ago.●⌒,
The battle of Yangxia in history lasted for more than 40 days. Although the revolutionary army fought bravely and even organized a counterattack (somewhat blind), its equipment and training were not as good as the Beiyang Army. In addition, the lack of discipline among various troops and horses, the tactics used were not correct, and Hankou and Hanyang were lost one after another, resulting in heavy losses. If Yuan Shikai had no ambitions and was respectful to the enemy, Wuchang would have been unable to be saved.
Now, the situation has changed. Wuchang is not the first place, and its political significance is not very great. Even if it is lost, it will not affect the overall situation. Moreover, the Wuchang Uprising was dominated by the Revival Society. In history, small groups such as the Joint Advance Association and the Literary Society only held supporting roles, which also avoided the consequences of multiple missions and command chaos. In addition, the reasonable deployment of the General Staff Department, the momentum was unstoppable at the beginning. The Revolutionary Army occupied the important military ranks of Wusheng Pass, and the battle was fierce and tragic, but the result was different.
The war was a little calm, but on the surface, the General Staff of the Revolutionary Army was still busy and busy. The reconnaissance personnel scattered around closely watched the operations of the Beiyang Army, and kept transporting artillery from the rear to make up for its own shortcomings and enhance combat power.
Although the war seems to be in a stalemate, success or failure is not on the battlefield, but on the arrangements behind each party and the private negotiations between each party.
The revolutionary military government was not affected much. After the provincial representatives elected the Provisional Government Chairman Song Fuhua, the Provisional Government was officially announced.
"After all sectors of military and academic circles knew that the representatives of various provinces appointed the president of the government, they all celebrated each other. All the residents of all shops prepared incense, flowers, lanterns and candles to show their joy. In front of the military government, five-colored lights were used to line up in patterns, and their brilliance was completely renewed. Even though they were old and yellow, they all called the long live cloud of the Republic of China."
Although these articles that appeal to newspapers are suspected of show and exaggeration, they can be vigorously promoted at this time to prove that the Republic is deeply loved by the people and supported by the people.
The newly established Provisional Revolutionary Government continued to exercise government powers vigorously and vigorously, demonstrating its vigorous vitality and pioneering spirit.
The Guangdong military government issued a telegram nationwide, announcing the implementation of local town, township and village autonomy in Guangdong and Guangxi, and promulgated the fixed lease and tax law, which was also published in the newspaper.
"...The suffering of the people in China is unique in the world. People should not go around in the ravines... For the people who live, they should breathe a little and cultivate their vitality. The military government hereby announced the implementation of the "Lease and Tax Law", which would limit the land rent to 37.5% of the total harvest in 1909. If the rent is higher than this, it must be lowered to this limit level. If the rent is lower than this, it is not allowed to increase..."
The Guangzhou military government implemented the fixed-leasing and fixed-trading tax law and county-level autonomy, and reduced and exempted two-thirds of the agricultural tax. After the power was launched nationwide, it immediately shocked the entire China.
No one would have thought that a newly established military government would dare to exempt such a large amount of income from its territory. And it actually began to implement local autonomy. Although it was below the county level, compared with the delay that had been promoted for many years since the late Qing Dynasty, it was definitely considered a decisive move.
After a brief loss of voice, other domestic newspapers finally began to applaud. No matter which force it is, they always talk about benefiting the country and the people, but they are just the moon hanging in the sky. The big cakes drawn are rare when they become reality except for people who are looking forward to it.
The Guangzhou military government abolishes lijin, reduces agricultural taxes, and reduces land rents. Every step is actually beneficial to the country and good strategies that benefit the people. Dare to be the first in the world and be consistent in words and deeds, which is enough to make people admire him. Regardless of the starting point of the military government, it is equivalent to the actual benefits the people get, it seems unimportant.
In fact, compared with the agricultural tax, other miscellaneous donations and taxes that are attached to the agricultural tax that exceed the main items are the big deal. The taxes reduced by the Guangzhou military government far exceed the losses caused by rent reductions. This irrefutable fact suddenly blocked the mouths of these bad intentions. Since it can capture people's hearts, it means that this matter itself is not wrong, but why aren't it implemented elsewhere? Since the landlord's income has not been impacted, how can I start with the exploitation?
After all, farmers benefited from rent reduction, landlords increased their income due to tax reduction, and merchants benefited from abolishing lijin. Only the Guangzhou military government, which was selfless and dedicated to serving the people, suffered a loss and lost a large amount of income in vain. Isn’t this touching? Isn’t this admirable?
The industrialization process is based on agricultural development. The policies introduced by the Guangdong military government are not unique, but are based on ancient experience.
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, when the Daxi Army was operating Yunnan, it issued a practical and effective land tax policy, "with ten as the total amount, four points for officials, and six points for the people." The characteristic of this policy is to reduce the land rent collected by the original landlords from more than half to one tenth, greatly reducing the exploitation rate; and also ensuring the stable income of the army and the regime. Although the landlords were dissatisfied, they could still collect part of it, and their lives were in a way, reducing hostility.
Since the tax amount is a share system, landlords can no longer exploit it at will, and farmers' production enthusiasm has generally increased. The autumn achievements are "double the past", and they have been "mature and abundant in the people, and the soldiers and civilians are as happy as before" year by year.
The rent reduction and tax reduction law not only learned from the ancients, but also passed repeated collective consultations and trials in the southwest base areas, so it was continuously improved. This is very different from the situation where many developing countries or regions intentionally provide capital accumulation for the development of the industrial sector by exploiting or sacrificing the development of the agricultural sector in the process of artificially promoting industrialization.
For example, in conjunction with the rent reduction plan, there are some corresponding measures, such as the lease period cannot be terminated at will; the shortest lease period is five years; if the tenant farmers do not violate the lease, the lease must be renewed when it expires, so as to ensure that the tenant farmers invest in the land with confidence.
The military government also sold public land not collected from stubborn and corrupt Qing officials to landless farmers. Each household was allowed to purchase ten acres, which could be paid in crops or cash in ten years of installments. If the price set was calculated in ten years of installments, plus the relevant interest (4%), taxes and other expenses, it happened to be about the land rent that the tenant farmers had to pay when renting the land, that is, 37.5%.
In this way, there will be no immediate impact on landlords whose main income is based on rental income. At the same time, the military government also announced that the agricultural tax should be reduced to one-third of the original level and the majority of the harsh taxes will be exempted, so that the opposition will be greatly reduced. This will minimize the elimination of the source of political instability and social instability, thus laying the foundation for the landlord cooperation with the fixed-leasing tax laws and the smooth implementation of the smooth implementation of the landlords.
In addition, Bank of China has also decided to open small interest-free loans for farmers. Each household is twenty yuan, in order to provide initial start-up funds for poor farmers.
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Shanghai.
"So, so rich!" Hu Hanmin slapped the newspaper on the table and said jealously.
"Yes. The joint venture bank has been operating for many years and has made a lot of profits. It has absorbed a lot of capital. Coupled with the credit he has worked hard to build, it is indeed strong." Wang Mengnan sighed: "With this solid foundation, it guarantees the Bank of China, the banknotes issued are strong enough and can be passed through unimpeded in southern provinces."
"Yes, they use paper money, and we can also print our own money!" Hu Hanmin seemed to have some inspiration. He shouted overjoyed: "When will our Bank of China be established? You said you need to prepare, why do you only hear the sound of the stairs and not see anyone coming down?"
Wang Mengnan smiled bitterly and explained slowly: "It is not that easy to open a bank and print money. Without a certain amount of gold and silver reserves, printing money is like waste paper! People rely on strong capital and years of credibility, and behind it, there is a backer for Revival. Only then can they dare to issue stocks, bonds, and the money printed can be recognized by the people. As for us, alas, there is a gap in strength!"
Hu Hanmin blinked. Although he didn't understand very much, he understood the general and sat back on the chair dejectedly. I don't know if there is a gap? The Revival Society is far-sighted and accumulated strength, and now he gradually sees the true power of others. The Tongmenghui. If we start from the Xingzhonghui, it is a long history than the Revival Society. Mr. Sun's fame is much greater than these rising stars, but why is it that he was unknowingly left so far. In terms of the army, territory, talents, and financial resources, no one can compare to others.
Moreover, Chen Wenqiang did what he said, and after conveying a verbal notice of similar warnings to the Tongmenghui through Charlie Song, he waited for a day before he started the operation. The merchant regiment, patrol police, concession police, and some regular troops left behind in Shanghai mercilessly cleaned and cracked down on the Youza armed forces.
Whether it is known as the Tongmenghui or under the name of other revolution, it is either accepted for reorganization or surrendered or dismissed. Those who commit crimes should be arrested and those who should be killed will be killed, with a clear and resolute attitude.
Ying Guixin and other figures of the Qinghong Gang were eliminated just a few days after they became the "revolutionary party", and Ying Guixin was even shot to death. In just a few days, the gangs and Youza armed forces under the banner of revolution were eliminated, and the Tongmenghui also lost its only armed forces.
Thinking of this, Hu Hanmin sighed deeply. He knew what kind of virtues his subordinates were. But now, Chen Wenqiang is really cruel.
"Meng Nan, think of other ways." Hu Hanmin said with a wry smile: "It is related to the great cause of revolution, and China Bank must be established. You can visit Shanghai's financial and industrial giants. Many of them had some contact with our Tongmenghui before, so they would not stand by and watch at this time, right?"
Wang Mengnan sighed and nodded reluctantly. But he knew very well that there was no hope for this matter.
After the attacks from the Revival Society, everyone can see that the Revival Society and the Tongmenghui are inconsistent. And the Revival Society has a strong wealth, who will follow the Tongmenghui?
"Mr. Sun is coming back. Seeing this scene, I don't know how disappointed it should be." Hu Hanmin grabbed his hair with worries. "Looking at the country, there was no place where the Tongmeng Club was revived, and there was no blue sky and white sun flag flying. It was both revolutionary and the revival club's rebellion, it was true, it was true."
Wang Mengnan shook his head with a wry smile, turned around and quietly retreated.
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Be brave!
My brother, my sister!
keep going!
No matter what happens, freedom must always be persisted in;
rebel!
Defeat the tyrant!
The battle became even more intense with many intense police calls and constant advancement and retreat.
rebel!
Shoot at the tyrant with gun bullets!
we would like,
Victory is great.
The establishment of the Provisional Government means that the revolution has entered the next stage. Should we take a little rest and rectify it, and use compromise and peace and peace to strive for cheap victory; or should we continue to move forward bravely and completely bury the Qing Dynasty and the old bureaucrats with blood and sacrifice. In Chen Wenqiang's view, this issue has no value to consider at all.
It is not that Chen Wenqiang did not know how to temporarily show weakness and be arrogant to the enemy's army, but the nature of the revolution determined that he had to grit his teeth and hold on. The revolutionary camp was formed by the united forces of several political forces. Although it was powerful and revival would dominate, it also hiding the danger of being divided. Continuous battles were flags and drums, and everyone could move when they looked at them and heard them. As long as the banner of revolution did not fall, people's hearts could be condensed, the pressure on the enemy could continue, and the situation in the north would turn around.
The current situation is somewhat similar to the three-legged tripod, the Southern Revolutionary Army, the Beiyang Army represented by Yuan Shikai in the North, and the dying Qing court. The Beiyang Army is stronger, and the Revolutionary Army is difficult to gain an advantage in the urgent situation.
However, with the successive independence of southern provinces, the Revolutionary Army will gain an increasingly obvious advantage in terms of economic strength and human resources.
The war in Wusheng Pass continued, and the restoration of Nanjing added a bunch of dry fire to the blazing flames of revolution.
At this time in Nanjing, Zhang Xun had not yet served as the General of Jiangning. The Governor of Liangjiang was Fan Zengxiang, who was appointed as the governor of the government, and Duan Fang was dismissed from office for sending someone to take photos at the funeral of Empress Dowager Cixi.
Liu Zhijie, the fifth Soviet Union's alliance, has a complete number of troops, and is a team with good weapons and equipment in Jiangsu. Liu Shan comforted the soldiers, had good military training and strict military disciplines. This powerful brigade is called "Iron Blooded Man". Moreover, Liu joined the Revival Society when he was studying in the Japanese non-commissioned officer school and has been lurking to this day.
Lin Shuqing joined the Revival Society in 1908 and led the 35th Biao Uprising in Zhenjiang. During the battle of the coalition forces attacking Nanjing, he led the army and was extremely brave. He first led his army from Taiping Gate to the city.
Xu Shaozhen, the 9th town, was indecisive in character, hesitated during the uprising, but in the end he joined the revolution because of the national sense and the inspiration of his old subordinate Zhao Sheng.
Without the fierce Beiyang general Zhang Xun's desperate resistance, under the fierce offensive of the revolutionary army on both sides of the sea and land, the new Nanjing army revolted one after another, and the battle with the Jiang Defense Army and the patrol battalion was fierce but not cruel. Navy naval artillery and cannons pulled from the Shanghai Manufacturing Bureau played a key role in the battle. Nanjing was restored, and there was no blood flowing in history, and citizens were tragically caught in the fire.
The revival of the Southern Capital is not only of great political significance, but also of extremely high military value. Going north along the Jinpu Road, you can threaten Zhili, Shandong and form the Eastern Front Northern Expedition. The voice of the Northern Expedition has also become increasingly popular with the restoration of Nanjing. There are also calls for the revolutionary provisional government to move to Nanjing immediately. (To be continued.) Mobile users, please visit http://m.piaotian.net
Chapter completed!