The Qing Dynasty army originated from the Manchu Eight Banners soldiers first created by Nurhaci, Taizu of the Qing Dynasty. Later, the Mongolian and Han Eight Banners were added, which combined into 24 banners. Due to ethnic discrimination, pampering life, lifestyle, and backward system, the Eight Banners soldiers gradually declined.

The Green Camp soldiers were rebuilt with the surrendered Ming army and the acquired Han landlord armed forces, and formed the garrison troops in various provinces. They used green flags as the sign and used camps as the system, so they were called Green Camp soldiers. As the local servants used for arrest, anti-smuggling and other local servants, the training was not practical and the discipline was relaxed, and the green camp soldiers soon went irrescue. Due to the rise of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Eight Banners and Green Camps were already corrupt. The Qing government urgently ordered officials and gentry in various provinces to set up groups to assist in the suppression...

The Hunan Army, Huai Army, and the training army... After all, it was "Dong Lao Medicine Miscellaneous". By the late Qing Dynasty, the old army was no longer useful, and they were not affiliated with each other in the system, and their command was chaotic, and officers deceived their superiors and concealed their subordinates, and were incompetent. The soldiers were of low quality and had no fighting spirit, which led to collapse at every touch of the battle and escaped when they encountered the enemy.

To improve the combat capabilities of the army, it is necessary to lay off the old army and train new army. For the old army with a population of millions of people and spending tens of millions of taels of silver every year, this is undoubtedly a way to remove the firewood from the bottom of the pot and eliminate the corruption and replenish the new.

The idea of ​​military system reform in the late Qing Dynasty was generally the role of the new army as the National Defense Forces, while the old army of each province was reorganized into patrol battalions, responsible for local security. This arrangement cannot be said to be unreasonable, but it is too erect, and the division of financial resources between the central and local governments was not cleared. In the subsequent sudden changes, the relatives and nobles of the court also tasted endless bitter fruits.

According to regulations, local patrol battalions are usually placed under the jurisdiction of the governors and governors of each province, and in wartime they are placed under the command of the Army Department. The patrol battalions only have two types of troops, infantry and cavalry, and each province shall not exceed five routes, and each route shall not exceed ten battalions.

However, the patrol battalion was a replacement for the useless green camp, military training, defense army and regiment training in the past, and it unceremoniously inherited most of the weaknesses of the predecessors. For example, most of the commanders were old-style officers. Most of the soldiers also came from the previous green camp, military training, etc., and their qualities were poor in all aspects. Although these teams had practiced foreign exercises and were equipped with Western weapons, they were scattered in spirit, lacked military discipline, and had very low combat effectiveness.

Historically, the Qing army's repeated defeats against foreign enemies cannot be simply attributed to the gap in weapons and equipment. For example, in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, the Qing army's equipment exceeded that of the Japanese army, but due to the long-term bluntization of the army, the training could not keep up, and the enemy had no will to fight with the enemy face to face. When they saw others holding bayonets, they just turned around and ran away. This is precisely the most effective tactic of foreign troops to defeat the Qing army since the Opium War.

To sum up, it is similar to the old army of the Qing army patrol battalion. Even if it faces a brave civil riot team that mainly uses cold weapons, it is difficult to say that the chance of winning is stable. This can also be explained. In history, the Tongmenghui launched an uprising carried out by the Communist Party, which was a few hundred, even a hundred and eighty, and dozens of guns, could still make a lot of trouble, causing the Qing army to suffer a lot.

Now, the opponents of the Qing army are strictly trained, fully equipped and highly morale. Who are the backbone of the revolutionary army? It is not enough to summarize that they are kind-hearted and passionate young people are revolutionaries who have surpassed the limitations of the times. They sacrifice their lives, sacrifice their lives, sacrifice their lives, and pay their lives to the country. They do not care about their personal life and death.

All suffering and torture, all the whistling blades and cannon stones, in the face of this great spirit that transcends the world, become so pale and powerless. The greatness of the spirit transcends the subtle intelligence of living and survival. It is precisely because of their existence that the Chinese country is temporarily divided, the bruises and wounds caused by stagnation, and even the regime falls apart for a moment. All can heal the wounds under the powerful national spiritual power.

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The old Qing army was unable to bear the battle, which was a fact that could be concluded long ago. However, the revolutionary army had broken through and achieved such a great record, but it was far beyond the estimate before the uprising.

Anyway, the Qing army continued to perform these trilogies in surrender and escape. Frequent but not intense battles, and the advantage in weapons and equipment is on the one hand, and the courage and fearlessness are more important.

Ambush, siege, and seize; the revolutionary army becomes more and more confident in fighting, and the more they fight, the more they are equipped with accurate calculations for the forces of the enemy and us in the battle.

The successive Guangfu Hekou, Mengzi, Kaiyuan, Shiping, Jianshui, Tonghai, and Fangcheng, Qinzhou and Lingshan that had previously occupied allowed the Revolutionary Army to seize a considerable amount of money, grain and materials, laying a good foundation for long-term persistence; the continuous annihilation of the Qing army also allowed guns and ammunition to be supplemented in disguise, which could support the continuous combat of the Revolutionary Army; the significant expansion of the Guangfu District also created favorable conditions for the local food supply that the military government would implement.

The offensive swept from southern Yunnan not only expanded the space for strategic maneuver, but also mobilized the Qing court reinforcements to the south. Just as the Qing army from Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou provinces rushed towards Kunming and rushed to reinforcements, the revolutionary army moved again, leaving only three thousand people in the Long Detachment bluffing in southern Yunnan, and the rest returned to Guangxi at night to meet with the Baise Land Detachment. Suddenly advanced eastward, even conquered Du'an and Mashan counties, heading south to Wuming, and formed a three-sided attack on Nanning with the headquarters of the base and the Wang Detachment.

Judging from the current situation, the Qing army planned to adopt a strategy of siege on three sides. The west was mainly composed of Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces, the north was the coalition forces of Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou provinces, and the east was the Guangdong New Army and the patrol battalion.

However, the sudden attack of the revolutionary army disrupted Yunnan Province and annihilated a large number of Qing troops in Yunnan Province. In order to protect Kunming, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Xi Liang, urgently ordered Hunan and the Qing army to change to Yunnan. The Qing army in Guangxi passed through Lu Rongting and Long Jiguang in the past two times, were attacked by the revolutionary army and were destroyed. Hunan, the Qing army turned west to Yunnan, which immediately made the Qing army in Guangxi seem weak.

The Qing army in Guangdong occupied Fangcheng and Qinzhou again, and then divided the five battalions into Nanning to assist in defense, with the intention of blocking the revolutionary army in the area west of Nanning, waiting for the army to gather, and then attacking and attacking together. When the uprising of Huanggang and Qinuhu broke out, the Governor Zhang Renjun urgently dispatched the naval admiral Li Zhun to lead the five battalions to leave Qinzhou and go to Chaoshan to suppress it.

After this analysis, it would be natural that the revolutionary army avoided the strong and became weak, and launched an offensive in Guangxi again.

At that time, the capital of Guangxi Province was Guilin, but Nanning was a famous city in Guizhou Province. It was both the governing of Nanning Prefecture and Zuojiang Dao and Xuanhua County. Its geographical location was very important and its political influence was greater.

But is the Revolutionary Army really going to conquer Nanning and have a greater political impact? The answer is obviously no. The Qing army was panicked and frightened, and drove all the surrounding troops and asked the Qing army for help in Guilin, Liuzhou and other places. This not only caused the defense of the counties and towns around Nanning to be useless, but also gave the Revolutionary Army a good opportunity to slam the enemy.

Wuming, Shanglin, Binyang and other counties were easily restored, and the revolutionary army approached Nanning, and then suddenly went north to Laibin County. They rushed into Liuzhou Prefecture, and the troops forced the mansion to govern Liuzhou.

The city of Liuzhou was firm, and the defenders were closed and defending the city to the death. The revolutionary army passed by and marched towards Guilin, but secretly left ambush in Luzhai, and wiped out several camps of Qing army that were forced to go out of the city to chase after. Then, they pretended to be successful and defeated soldiers and opened the Liuzhou city gate, and a large group of people rushed in. After a battle, they revived the main town of Liuzhou.

Guilin was in a hurry, and Guangxi Governor Zhang Mingqi frequently sent reports to the Qing court for help, and hurriedly pieced together six or seven thousand patrol troops to strengthen the city defense and prepare to defend to the end.

After the feint attack on Guilin, almost airing the local Qing army, the revolutionary army advanced westward from Liuzhou to Qingyuan Prefecture (now Hechi area). Nandan, Tiane, Fengshan, Donglan and other counties were easily restored and entered Guizhou Province. The two counties occupied Pingtang and Dushan were less than a hundred miles away from Guiyang, the capital of Guizhou Province.

Taking advantage of the weak and bravery of the Qing army in Guangxi, the revolutionary army was everywhere, and sometimes west, south and north. Although they could not consolidate the occupation, they destroyed the local government of the Qing court. They allowed the people to see the weakness and incompetence of the Qing army, see the bravery of the revolutionary army, and various policies and measures, eliminating fear and misunderstandings.

After this siege of attacks and plunders, the Qing army's siege plan was basically failed. Guilin and Guiyang were threatened one after another and had to station heavy troops to defend. The Qing army in Yunnan Province suffered heavy losses and was no longer sufficient. Before the encirclement and suppression was formed, the big hole was torn out by the revolutionary army's proactive attack.

At this time, the Qing army was able to launch an active attack, and the only ones who had the strongest strength were the troops gathered in Kunming. Among them were the First Association of the Eighth Town of the New Army in Hubei, the 20 battalions of the Yunnan Provincial Patrol Team, and the 10 battalions of the Guizhou Provincial Patrol Team, totaling 15,600. While Guiyang was threatened, eight battalions of the Guizhou Provincial Patrol Team were ordered to return, but the force was still far greater than the Dragon Detachment of the Revolutionary Army in front of him.

The Qing court also changed its deployments as a result. On the one hand, it continued to draw Hunan, and the Qing army in Jiangxi went south to Guangdong and Guangxi to stabilize the situation; on the other hand, it ordered the Qing army in Yunnan Province to "go quickly to suppress and recover lost territory."

In this way, the original three-sided suppression became a key attack, and the main battlefield was in southern Yunnan.

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Shiping Prefecture, also known as Shiping, was changed to Shiping Prefecture in the 15th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1382), and later changed to Shiping Prefecture, which belonged to Lin'an Prefecture. Later, the Qing Dynasty followed the Ming system and was still divided in this way.

The terrain of the whole province is high in the north and low in the south, high in the west and low in the east and concave in the middle, which is like a cubicle that is developed to the east. It can be summarized as a mountainous terrain with "three mountains and two rivers", "there are more than nine-minute mountains and less than one dam". The terrain is characterized by many mountains and few lands, mountains and rivers intersect, ridges and valleys are parallel, with huge height differences and obvious verticality. In addition, the mountain monsoon climate in the subtropical plateau, the forest coverage rate is very high.

"Comrades kill compatriots, but pigs and dogs are not as good as heaven and earth. Manchu people are just like that. You are all slaves, but why don't you fight to expel the Tartars and restore China. Slaughter the people, and the sky will hit lightning. Do not kill and surrender, and do not abuse prisoners. Iron traitors have been infamous for thousands of years. How can you become a horse and a cow?"...

Along the way, every distance, you could see similar slogans on the trees, stone walls, and on the walls, making the Qing army vanguards who entered this place understand that this was not a simple civil unrest, but a group of organized, led and ideal revolutionaries.

In 1907, the Qing court determined the new army system and planned to train the 36 towns of the army nationwide (equivalent to division) and allocate the indicators to the two towns in Hubei, which were the eighth town and the eleventh town. At that time, the eleventh town had not been fully trained, and Hubei actually only trained one town and one mixed association, namely the eighth town of the army (equivalent to division) and the temporary 20th mixed association (equivalent to brigade). In the country, the new army in other provinces had not been trained, or had only one or two standards, and the new army in Hubei became the second only to Yuan Shikai's Beiyang Army at that time.

The 15th Infantry Association of the Eighth Town of Hubei New Army, which was under the command of twenty-nine Biao (Zhang Jingliang), thirty Biao (Yang Kaijia), and the other two Battalions of the Eighth Town Artillery, the Eighth Battalion of the Project, the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Town, the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Town, the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Town, the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Town, the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Battalion of the Eighth Battalion of the Gendarmerie, totaling more than 5,300 people.

Compared with old-style troops like the Patrol Army, the equipment and training of the new army are naturally incomparable. For the Revolutionary Army, the new army is certainly an opponent who attaches great importance to it, but in terms of equipment, the new army does not have the advantage except artillery. The current Qing court's new army, except for the Beiyang New Army equipped with Maxim machine guns (number of unknowns) and later added machine gun battalions, the new army in other provinces did not have such weapons.

In terms of combat power, the New Army is far better than the Patrol Army, but it may not be able to perform normally in southern Yunnan. After all, the terrain of Lingnan is not familiar and adapted to the New Army in Hubei. Mountains and mountains are connected, caves are connected, mountains and forests are vast, and rivers are surrounded by rivers. There will be no regular battles with flat horses and cavalry battles galloping on the grasslands, but mountain jungle battles that are unfamiliar to the New Army in Hubei.

He Xi'an, the first battalion of the 29th Band, looked unhappy and frowned. He felt a little headache about the complex terrain along the way. There were many mountains, dense forests, narrow roads, steep slopes, and deep grass. The frequent attacks of cold guns made the troops very slow. Especially, the Yunnan Army Patrol Team, which was mixed with the first battalion and acted as a guide, screamed in surprise when there was a slight movement, which made the new army nervous.

"Boom!", the pile of rocks on the roadside suddenly exploded without warning, a stream of black smoke rose up, and the gravel was collapsed and flew everywhere. The Qing soldiers who were moving were dizzy and were even more shocked by sharp stones and fell down screaming.

Taking advantage of the chaos after the Qing soldiers were bombed, more than a dozen figures suddenly appeared behind the trees in the grass, and a row of guns shot out, and bullets flew towards the enemy. Amid the screams and screams, more than a dozen figures retreated quickly, only seeing the grass shaking, and in a short while, there was no trace.

The platoon leader Fang Xing escaped another disaster, but his shoulder was cut by the gravel that was flying, and blood flowed. Looking at the soldiers lying on the ground, he was both angry and helpless, and afraid. If he continued to do so again and again, he would sooner or later take his life. If he fought with real swords and guns, he felt that with the battle of the soldiers, he could completely deal with these haunted enemies, but the enemy would not give him a chance to perform.

A soldier who was hit by gravel was whispering and whispering on the ground, and blood kept flowing out from the fingers covering his face. Not far away, a soldier who was shot into his neck was motionless, and the blood flowing out of the wound became a small pool of blood, which was dead. There was also a Qing soldier whose thigh was penetrated by a bullet, screaming like a pig.

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Chapter completed!