Although Fan Wubing is not very concerned about Singapore's development trajectory, he relies on laundering money for executives in Malaysia and Indonesia. He is also laundering money for corrupt officials in China, they are still worth learning from when it comes to immigration issues.

Since its independence from the Federated States of Malaysia in 1965, the island country of Singapore has experienced a period of difficult struggle to survive.

Singapore's population is dominated by Chinese, and it is a Chinese isolated island in the surrounding Muslim ocean. It is in a very disadvantageous position in regional and international ethnic politics. At the same time, Singapore is an important hub for Chinese immigration in history and has extensive transnational Chinese network connections. Therefore, many local Chinese middle-class families often have a strong sense of insecurity. Through family reunion, skilled immigrants or investment immigrants go to the UK, the United States, Australia and Canada.

For a small country with a population of only a few million, such a broad social backbone loss is obviously not a good thing. Therefore, the Singapore government has always attached great importance to attracting high-quality overseas immigrants.

For example, Singapore has special scholarships in mainland China, India and ASEAN countries, fully funding gifted students from these countries to study undergraduate studies in Lion City.

According to the terms of the scholarship contract, students are required to stay in new jobs after graduation, which is generally limited to three to six years.

So will these foreign students stay and settle down? Obviously not.

However, even though a large number of students finally chose to leave the Lion City, their experience of living on this small island in Nanyang for nearly ten years has left an indelible mark in their lives, thus further expanding Singapore's cross-border network and social capital, and becoming an important element in the small country's soft power.

In the context of Chinese immigration, Taiwan is also a case that must be mentioned. Since the era of Chiang Kai-shek, studying abroad is the highest expectation of many ordinary Taiwanese families for their children. Due to the unpredictable situation on the cross-strait in the early years, many Taiwanese students settled overseas. During the 1970s and 1980s, only about 20% of international students returned to Taiwan after completing their studies.

This wave of talent loss was peaked in 1979, and only 8% of the international students returned that year.

Despite this, because Asia was mainly labor-intensive industries at that time, the Taiwan beast economy was not frustrated by the outflow of knowledge-based talents and was still able to fly.

By the mid-1980s, the outflow of talent in Taiwan began to slow down, and the return rate of international students climbed to about one-third.

Immediately afterwards, Taiwan faced the challenge of improving its industrial structure, labor-intensive enterprises declined, and knowledge-intensive industries became dominant. Therefore, the returning overseas professionals tasted the sweetness of not meeting the time for a century, and the high-tech industries on Taiwan's island have also been greatly developed. Not only that, in recent years, Taiwan's higher education has expanded rapidly, and a large number of people studying abroad and returning to Taiwan have joined local universities, which has really created a very neat faculty team.

"After seeing the above experience in Asia and Zhejiang, it is not difficult to see that mainland China is not lonely at all when facing the problem of talent outflow. However, the talent outflow in mainland China began after the reform and opening up, and was later than the above Asian society. Therefore, China is more urgent to deal with the challenges of improving local industrial structure in terms of talent strategies." Fan Wubing said to his father Fan Heng, "However, although talent return is very important for immigration export places, the decision to return may not bring direct benefits to these professional talents who have been abroad for many years. To put it bluntly, the income of a master's graduate in the United States is generally higher than that of his employment in mainland China, not to mention. Today, young people in mainland China still have to face many economic pressures such as high housing prices, imperfect medical insurance system, and only children supporting their parents. Therefore, if you really want to attract technical talents back from a policy perspective, the cost is relatively high."

Fan Wubing's words made Fan Heng nodded repeatedly. He thought his son was very honest. Although the mainland has begun to implement a series of preferential policies to attract professional talents from overseas returnees in recent years, such as the 100-teacher program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Yangtze River Scholars Program of the Ministry of Education, the Organization Department has launched a Thousand-teacher program to attract young scientific and technological innovation and entrepreneurship talents. It is expected to attract about a thousand overseas high-level talents to work in China in the next ten years, and establish dozens of overseas high-level talents innovation bases.

In addition, the Guangzhou Science and Technology Exchange Conference for Chinese Students, jointly organized by multiple departments of the central and local governments, has become a regular event since the previous year, and has recruited high-end talents worldwide through embassies, student and scholar organizations and other institutions.

Therefore, it cannot be said that the government has not made any difference in this matter, it is not a good deal.

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"It is very similar to the development trajectory that Taiwan has taken. Today, mainland China is not only facing an improvement in industrial structure, but also greatly expanding the coverage of higher education. These provide diversified employment opportunities for the return of overseas Chinese and Chinese professionals. Although the actual number of returnees is still very limited, taking advantage of the rapid rise of China's economy, especially after the bursting of the new US economy, especially the Internet bubble, return to China has become an alternative for international students and professionals." Fan Wubing said to his father. "So, based on my opinion, the key to attracting overseas students to return is whether the mainland has the ability to provide them with an environment for future development, not just some salary discounts. If international students who are only interested in high-tech come back to exhibition, they may not have much ability to attract them to return."

"Well, there are many people who are not worthy of their reputation today. Most of the people who come back are the kind of people who are worthy of being a returnee and cannot survive overseas." Song Qing said with deep insight.

Everyone nodded repeatedly when they heard this, and Fan Heng also thought about it seriously. Some issues he had to consider comprehensively, such as Fan Wubing's proposal to establish a scientific research and exhibition base and similar high-tech parks that can use the knowledge and skills of overseas returnees. This made him very moved.

In particular, the role model set by Fan's Investment Group in this regard also made him feel that it is of great reference value.

In fact, due to historical reasons, the development countries after World War II encountered the overlap of modernization and globalization, which led to the structural transformation of society more severe and complex. The loss of elite talents was not only born in mainland China, Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, India and other places, and gradually emerged from anxiety and became more out of the way. "Lu Wei's view of garbankization and transnational immigration is now for the domestic. In fact, there have been many experiences to learn from, and we can not only learn from India and strengthen the connection between homeland and overseas price clubs, because overseas networks are social capital, but also learn from Singapore and Hong Kong, comprehensively build international cities to attract multinational consortiums, and bring the entire overseas elite team through corporate entry.

"In short, in the face of the challenges brought by globalization, a mature society should think about how to enhance its own attractiveness, make existing residents unwilling to leave, and make overseas elites look like a warning. If population mobility is restricted because of concerns about the outflow of talents, it is a move that deviates from the world's general trend. The effect will definitely not be good." Finally, Fan Wubing summarized it.

"By the way, how are your solar energy doing?" Fan Heng once mentioned Fan Wubing's solar energy technology research project.

Fan Wubing was a little surprised. My father usually doesn’t pay much attention to his business, that is, he is more concerned about large aircraft projects, but that project is related to the overall national strategy and is very different from others.

Therefore, he raised his own question in a little puzzled way, "Why are you concerned about this matter?"

"I heard more about solar energy projects recently, so I want to listen to your progress, so I can compare it," Fan Heng explained to his son.

The so-called solar energy industry is generally called the photovoltaic industry chain in professional terms. Photovoltaic refers to a role of converting light energy into electric energy. To put it clearly, it is solar electricity. Solar electricity is not very popular at this stage, but the photovoltaic industry has unlimited potential, but it is undeniable.

Recently, there are many people who have been lobbying the photovoltaic industry among the top leaders. They all hope to get the support policies of the central government and establish large experimental photovoltaic industrial parks in the northwest. Because these people not only need money, but also policies, and at the same time render the photovoltaic industry chain like a gold industry, senior officials are very interested, especially the State Council leaders in charge of large enterprises like Fan Heng, who cannot ignore this issue.

After Fan Wubing understood what his father meant, he said to him, "The photovoltaic industry chain is divided into three parts: upper, middle and downstream. The upstream includes refining solar-grade silicon, manufacturing silicon rods, silicon blooms and damage-cutting silicon wafers; midstream enterprises are responsible for manufacturing batteries; downstream focus on installing battery modules and selling photovoltaic power systems. The photovoltaic industry is a typical pyramid model, that is, the number of upstream enterprises is relatively small, and the number of enterprises engaged in midstream businesses is more than that of upstream businesses, and the number of downstream enterprises is the largest. The reason is very simple: the technology required for upstream businesses is the highest among the upstream, middle and downstream businesses. The cost is also the largest. Therefore, the threshold for entering upstream businesses is much higher than that of midstream and downstream businesses."

"According to the current situation, is there any initiation in the photovoltaic industry?" Fan Heng asked a very important question.

Fan Heng asked this question. There is a reason. At present, the photovoltaic solar industry still needs government subsidies. One of the biggest reasons is the extremely high electricity cost.

In China, in today's photovoltaic electricity, the level cost per kilowatt-hour is two yuan, while the cost of water, electricity and butterfly electricity only costs two or three cents per kilowatt-hour. The electricity bill that ordinary consumers now pay is about four cents, and commercial electricity is only one yuan.

In this case, photovoltaic electricity requires such a huge cost. Without the corresponding government subsidies, how much do they have to pay to consumers’ homes? It is obviously not difficult to understand

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"Although governments have realized the urgency of new energy and have implemented a series of subsidy plans to promote the development of photovoltaic solar energy. But in the final analysis, the reason why photovoltaic electricity has not been popularized is largely because the technology is not mature enough and the electricity cost is not enough to integrate photovoltaic electricity into the lives of every class of society." Fan Wubing explained, "At every stage of the photovoltaic industry chain, every manufacturing process, especially the upstream silicon material refining, the cost is still relatively high. Major successful companies certainly realize the crux of this, so in order to reduce costs, major companies' research and mergers and acquisitions are aimed at obtaining the latest technology in the shortest time, and leading other competitors among many companies to dominate the entire industry."

Improving photovoltaic cell technology is the most critical step in the photovoltaic industry. It can greatly reduce costs and practice the low price of photovoltaic electricity, so that more consumers are willing to use photovoltaic solar electricity.

In order to achieve this goal, major companies have shown their powers. The industry leader, Sharp, developed the technology that combines construction and photovoltaic devices by himself. Germany has obtained technology through control and acquisition of other companies. For example, a combination of Swedish companies to obtain copper-steel sales thin film technology, etc., and Fan Wubing's own research department has concentrated resources to improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells. At the same time, it has also made breakthrough progress in replacing the costly core material test. Recently, it is expected to increase the photovoltaic efficiency of single crystal silicon to more than 30%.

The orientations of major enterprises may be different, but they have the same goal. The goal is to improve photovoltaic solar cell technology, reduce photovoltaic electricity costs, and advance towards the goal of integrating into daily life.

"We are still making rapid progress. Although we start late, we are making rapid progress." Fan Wubing said optimistically to his father Fan Heng, "In fact, the achievements we have made at present can make our company's solar power equipment meet commercial use. Now our electricity cost has been reduced to less than 50 cents, and we can barely meet the commercial standards." Fan Wubing mentioned this and couldn't help but reveal the latest progress to his father.

"Then you can already enter the practical stage, Fan Heng heard that he was also very happy.

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Because he has often heard people talk about things like solar power recently, he also has some understanding of some of the details. He is very clear about how high the cost of photovoltaic power that can be achieved internationally. In comparison, Fan Wubing's company's technology can indeed be put into commercial use.

"Then why haven't you started yet?" Song Qing asked a question that everyone is concerned about.
Chapter completed!