Chapter 58 The Peace of San Francisco
From 1950 to 1960, it was called Malaya's "golden decade". After the chaos in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China and the war to expand the relaxed environment for survival and development, Malaya started to develop in a full-time manner.
Automobile, construction and steel are the three pillar industries that are prioritized by the Malayan government. First of all, automobiles have transformed from an experimental invention to a comprehensive industry with the widest related industries and the most affected industrial technology. Its development will drive the development of a series of related industries. Without steel, there is no industry at all. Industrialization requires steel, and war requires steel. Steel is an important industrial resource and a very important strategic resource. Steel requires a large amount of labor, but does not require too high technology. Steel is a labor-intensive large-scale basic industry, which is quite suitable for the current needs of the early industrialization development of Malaya. With the development of social economy, the construction industry will also occupy an increasingly large proportion. For the goal of building Malaya into a tourist destination, the construction industry is even more supportive.
In order to improve labor quality, the three levels of governments at the Malayan Federation, state and local governments all participate in the organization and implementation of vocational education. On the one hand, they use state finance to fund the development of vocational education, on the other hand, in order to reduce government expenses, and on the other hand, they also allow students to master more practical knowledge, the state also encourages large, medium and small enterprises to open vocational schools and provide various tax incentives to these enterprises, such as counting all the expenses used by enterprises for education as costs, etc. Some small enterprises can also apply for a certain amount of subsidies from the government if they receive vocational training.
In order to keep up with the development of the times in a timely manner, the Malayan Federation has also established a Vocational Education Institute, whose main members are representatives from the federal, state, trade union and employers. Their main tasks are: to listen to the opinions of various experts, track the development trends of various industries, formulate training regulations and draft teaching syllabus, and finally the Federal Ministry of Education and Science and other professional departments jointly review and pass the draft.
Corresponding to related occupations is to achieve employment license within three years. Whether driving a vehicle, working as a lawyer, or engaging in all other occupations, they all work with a license. License means a qualification, which must have certain professional knowledge or education. Only after consideration can it be certified. Various professional associations are subject to various qualification reviews, so that once they obtain a license, they will obtain professional qualifications. At the same time, a license means a responsibility. Every person with a license must be responsible for the responsibilities stipulated in this license and implement self-restraints. Otherwise, they will be trusted in market competition and will be discouraged and cannot be hired by others. License also means a job. If there is a major mistake in performing their duties, the license will be revoked by the certification agency. The professionalization of the occupational type of work is a good way to improve professional responsibilities, professional quality and professional ability.
The rise of great powers depends on science and technology. The competition between countries is ultimately a competition of national quality. It is a competition of talents. Malaya was founded late. Although it absorbed a large number of knowledge talents from mainland China and foreign countries, its overall quality of the people is not the same level as that of developed countries. Therefore, at the beginning of the founding of the country, a law on forced education was promulgated and implemented, stipulating that 512-year-old children must go to school for education, otherwise parents will be punished with heavy punishment.
The regional differences in the Malayan Peninsula also determine the differences in the rise strategies implemented by states. Taking Singapore as an example, in addition to traditionally focusing on commerce, it also includes vigorously developing re-export trade, processing and export, shipping, etc., and committed to building the largest seaport, important commercial cities and re-export trade center in Southeast Asia. It also establishes multiple large airports, hoping to make Singapore an international financial center and an important aviation center.
Another important factor in the rise of the country is national self-confidence and national cohesion. The Malaya Daily took the lead in proposing to modernize Confucian theory and the Confucian spirit and create a set of Confucian ethics that are suitable for modern society. Chinese President Chen Jiageng wrote an article himself, calling for in-depth study of Confucian theory and Confucian spirit, eliminating dross and extracting the essence. Because Confucianism is still the core value of the general public of the Chinese nation, and serves as a representative of the Chinese nation's culture and a national traditional mark on national boundaries. Moreover, benevolence, righteousness, filial piety and brotherhood should be advocated in the interaction between people,
We cannot be tainted by the materialistic society. Benevolence, politeness, forgiveness, filial piety, brotherhood, righteousness, integrity, integrity, and moral system will fulfill our good character, and we can cope with enterprising and realistic things with good character. He advocates the discovery of the Master's basic speaking spirit, and advocates the integration of both sides in reality, internal and external with more adaptable rules and more perfect ideas to treat their life, career, and country with a more perfect idea. He said with confidence: Whoever is the most open and willing to accept the influence of a different high-quality culture and then renews and improves himself will stand at the peak of the times
On December 5, 1950, Malaya reached a formal agreement with Indonesians. Southern Kalimantan, as the residence of Indonesian Chinese, will temporarily put the issue of ownership in the future. Indonesia recognizes the fait accompli of Sumatra, Malaya withdraws troops from Java, and the oil and gas resources on Sumatra will be provided to Indonesia with priority.
On December 10, 1950, the Federation of Malaya was officially accepted as a member by the United Nations.
Everything seemed to be beautiful. The Malay Federation quelled the Malay rebellion group and had a relaxed and peaceful development environment. The government confidently formulated a long-term plan. In Wu Ming's words, it was to run away and quickly build Malay into the level of a medium-developed country in ten years.
However, the tree wants to be quiet but the wind does not stop. Things in the world are always like this, and eight out of ten are unsatisfactory. As the United States submitted the so-called "Seven Principles of Peace with Japan" to the member states of the Far Eastern Commission and publicly stated the "principles", the Malayan government once again faced a choice.
On August 15, 1945, the Japanese government announced that it would accept the Potsdam Proclamation and surrender unconditionally. The United States, despite opposition from the Soviet Union and other countries, implemented its policy of occupying Japan alone and adopted a series of measures aimed at strengthening control of Japan. Under this situation, the US government attempted to legalize the long-term occupation of Japan by concluding a peace treaty against Japan and actively prepare for peace with Japan.
In March 1947, the agency chaired by Bodon, Director of the Northeast Asia Department of the Far East Department of the State Council mentioned the first draft of the peace treaty against Japan, known as the "Boton Draft". The first draft was divided into six parts, namely: 1. Related Territorial clauses, 2. The authority of the allied authorities; 3. Japan's de-armed and demilitarized; 4. General reform plan; 5. Regarding compensation and transfers. 6. Regarding liquidation of technical issues related to wars, etc. Basically, it advocates severe punishment of Japan, which stipulates that Japan cannot own an army within two years, so it is criticized by various means within the US government.
On July 11, the US government proposed to the Far East Committee on convening a preparatory meeting for peacemaking with Japan. The contents are: First, it hopes that the meeting will be held outside the Far East Committee to discuss and formulate a draft peace treaty; second, it hopes that the meeting will not be held for the first time; third, it suggests that the meeting adopt a 2/3 majority vote system when signing the peace treaty against Japan; fourth, it hopes that the meeting will be held on August 19. The meeting will be located in San Francisco, USA. Subsequently, the United States issued a notice to the other 10 member states of the Far East Committee, namely China, Soviet, UK, France, Philippines, Canada, India, Australia, and Netherlands, to convene a peacemaking meeting with Japan on August 19 in San Francisco. The arrangements made by the United States seriously violate the principle that the four representatives of China, Soviet, US, and UK must obtain unanimous agreements when dealing with the Japanese issue.
In 1950, the United States further accelerated the pace of peace with Japan. On April 27, the US government appointed Dulles as the State Department's advisor and was responsible for peace with Japan. Dulles actively worked hard to achieve peace with Japan as soon as possible. In June 1950, after the outbreak of the Korean War, Japan became an important base for the US military to invade North Korea. In order to incorporate Japan into its strategic system as soon as possible, the US government was more eager to make peace with Japan.
After the "Seven Principles of Peace with Japan" was opposed by the Soviet Union, China and other countries, the US government adopted so-called individual diplomatic activities in order to gain support from other countries. Since January 1951, Dulles, as the presidential envoy of the US government's peace with Japan, visited Japan, the Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Malaya and other countries. Through individual consultations, guarantees, promises and other means, they obtained their consent.
"Our country has just been established, and various industries have just begun to take shape. There is a huge gap in capital and technology. Opposing the United States at this time may be unfavorable to our country's development." said Gao Xianzeng, Minister of the Ministry of Construction.
"Development is development. You cannot abandon your position just because you want to develop and become a vassal of the United States." Speaker Chan Kah Kee said: "Adhere to independence and actively absorb foreign aid. This is our national policy. You cannot be arrogant in everything."
"Old Chen is right, but we must fully consider future difficulties." Defense Minister Liu Cheng said: "Although Indonesia has reached an agreement with us, once we lose the support of the United States, there is still a threat of war."
"I have personal experience of the war crimes committed by Japan," said Foreign Minister Zheng Pingru. "I also understand the national character of the Japanese. The seven principles of peace between Japan have no regulations on restricting Japanese armed forces and prohibiting Japanese fascist organizations. Second, on the issue of compensation, the treaty only stipulates that Japan must pay war compensation fees without mentioning specific compensation figures, and emphasizes that Japan's resources are not enough to cope with compensation; Third, the main force in fighting against Japanese militarist aggression was also the most sacrifice in fighting against Japanese aggression, but was brutally rejected because of the obstruction of the United States. Therefore, I doubt the legitimacy of the peace agreement and expressed concern about the consequences of signing the contract."
"To be honest, most of you here have fought with the Japanese, and the Chinese volunteers have also shed countless blood on the land of Malaya." Zhao Xiaomei said heavily: "Japan is a defeated country. Now signing this peace treaty is indeed psychologically torture, but it is true that it is a psychological torture, but whether it is support or oppose, or whether it is silent, how to reject, and how to maintain a tough bottom line are all researched and discussed." "The scars have never healed, but we will slowly become numb to the unconscious feeling of pain in a way that we unconsciously." Wu Ming said slowly: "Being a person must have principles, and the country should also have a bottom line. On the issue of Japan, I think it should be tough. Once this peace treaty is signed, the consequences will be quite serious. This freak born from the American Cold War mentality will torture Asian politics for a long time and pose a threat to Asian stability."
"The Japanese will not reflect on others' tolerance for him. Thank you. Their national character determines that once they rise again, they will definitely reduce the issue of war responsibility to the minimum extent, deny war responsibility internally or vaguely deal with it." Wu Ming continued: "Although national construction has just been on the right track, we cannot lose the standard of judging right and wrong. Some things can be tolerated, and some things must be solemnly expressed. We have controlled the Strait of Malacca, we have oil, we have army, and countless just people, these are the basis for our toughness. Moreover, the Korean War is in full swing now. If we announce unilateral sanctions on Japan, impose huge water surplus fees on all ships entering and leaving Japan, or threaten to form an anti-Japanese alliance with certain countries, you don't think the United States is afraid."
"We can also make some shuttle contacts, in Southeast Asia, Myanmar, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Vietnam and other countries that have been invaded by Japan." Zhao Xiaomei said with a smile: "In fact, we now have the appearance of a Southeast Asian overlord, and our appeal and influence are booming. There is really no need to underestimate ourselves."
"Our military-industrial enterprises have been able to imitate light weapons, and after implementing the compulsory military service law, the army will be expanded to 200,000 within half a year. There should be no problem dealing with neighboring countries." Liu Cheng frowned and said, "The only concern is the maintenance and replenishment of aircraft and warships. If the United States interferes, of course this possibility is not very high. It is just threats and intimidation. The United States is also very afraid of the huge impact of our turn left at the critical moment of the Korean War."
Chapter completed!