The policies proposed by Zeng Guofan are actually nothing new. Chinese history has always been a history of ethnic integration. Before the founding of New China, the general trend was ethnic integration, while the Han nation, as a melting pot of ethnic integration, has always undertaken it.

The responsibility of integrating various ethnic groups into one - in fact, the Han people themselves are a hodgepodge. In the process of long-term ethnic integration, many traditions and customs of other ethnic groups were also absorbed. During the Republic of China, the Han people's

The customs are completely different from those of the Ming and Song dynasties. Compared with the Han dynasty at the beginning of the formation of the Han people, the gap is probably even greater.

In fact, most ethnic groups in later generations were the result of thousands of years of integration. For example, the Japanese ethnic groups merged with immigrants from China and North Korea, the Hokkien people from Siberia or some other place, and the Ryukki people from Ryukyu Island.

.The genealogy of many major surnames of the Korean nation can be traced back to China - they are all descendants of Chinese immigrants. Many ethnic groups in Southeast Asia are also of Chinese descent.

In the general trend of national integration for thousands of years, the Central Plains dynasty has long summarized a series of integration experiences and methods. For example, from the division of chieftains to the transformation of land and return to the flow is a complete integration process. The former is equivalent to national autonomy,

The latter is the completion of ethnic integration. It can be seen that the policies of ancient dynasties regarded ethnic autonomy as a means of ethnic integration. They started with autonomy and ended with integration. Whether it was the management of chieftains or the rule of bondage, the purpose was to be the final integration.

.

Of course, this final fusion may not be achieved, and there are many examples of failure. However, in the ancient Central Plains Han dynasties, even the Qing Dynasty, they used autonomy to promote fusion, and never used the chieftain system on the already integrated territory.

.It is just that the ethnic integration of the Qing Dynasty did not include the integration of the ruling and the ruled nations...

As a former Qing bureaucrat, Zeng Guofan was proficient in the study of practical application. Of course, he was proficient in this traditional method of national integration. The method he proposed now was actually a variant of "changing the land and returning to the current". He brought the Mongolian tribe from

Nomads were changed to settlement, and then sent officials to rule, and the central government invested a certain amount of financial resources to develop education and infrastructure. Helping settled Mongolians integrate into the big family of the Chinese nation - of course, it was to help integrate, rather than helping the Mongolian nation develop

It grows stronger. You usually have to work hard to grow and grow. Just like the Mongolians of Genghis Khan, exterminate men from other nations and then integrate their women to grow and grow.

However, it is not easy to use the method of "changing the land and returning to the current flow" to integrate more than 400 Mongolian tribes. Due to the expansion of the Ming Empire in the north and west, Mongolian tribes that were originally ruled by the Russians have become now

As a result, many Mongolian groups living in the northwest Kazakhs and Western Siberia were expelled from Tsarist Russia to the territory of the Ming Dynasty. Similarly, Russia on the territory of the Ming Dynasty was expelled like the Cossacks.

In addition, some mixed-blood groups of Mongolian and Central Asians (that is, the group formed by the women who kill men and sleep with others) also gave up the True God Cult and converted to the Lama Cult under the education of Mongolians who moved to Kazakhstan (education with a big knife).

Become a member of the Mongolians.

Therefore, there are many Mongolians in the Ming Empire (including the Kazakh Khanate and the East and West Siberian Company). They are divided into more than 400 tribes, with a population of more than 4 million! In addition, in order to win over the Mongols to deal with Russia together, Emperor Zhu

He was appointed as the Great Khan of Mongolia and also granted a large number of Mongolian princes. The largest were the five kings of Khalkha Mongolia and Ili Mongolia, and there were thousands of dukes, county dukes, marquises, counts, viscounts, and barons.

These Mongolian titles were all vassals, that is, ministers of the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty who owned tribal territories. They were similar to the chieftains of the Pseudo-Qing and the former Ming Dynasty, but their reputation was better than the chieftains and they were not at all rustic. In addition, Zhu Jishi also specially formulated a

The "Villager Law" was used to determine the rights and obligations of the vassals of the Ming Dynasty.

The purpose of formulating this "Villager Law" is actually to promote the integration of ethnic minority areas into Greater China. However, during the implementation, many problems were encountered. The main reason is that the upper class of ethnic minorities has benefited a lot and has entered China.

It was not too resistant, but it was difficult for the middle and lower classes of its nation to integrate into Greater China. Even if some vassals took the initiative to hand over their territory in exchange for generous annuity, it was difficult for the Ming government to govern its territory, and in some areas it caused civil unrest.

Therefore, the Ming Dynasty was not very enthusiastic about taking over the vassal territory and would rather maintain the status quo.

"Emperor, it was not easy for the imperial court to take over the vassal territory before, but the reason was the word "money". Zeng Guofan actually participated in such a few times. He knew the reason. "The vassal territory is mostly remote, and the people are in the world.

Poverty and customs are very different from the Central Plains. Taking over the implementation of the Han law will definitely cause some trouble..."

Zhu Jishi waved his hand and interrupted, "I am not afraid of trouble!" He paused and said, "I am not only the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, but also the Great Khan of the Mongolian!"

Yes, the Mongolian Khan and the Genghis Khan's national integration law! Under the guidance of Genghis Khanism, what other troubles cannot be solved?

Zeng Guofan smiled and nodded and said, "Practicing Genghis Khan's thunder method is the last method. Before this, our Ming Dynasty should still focus on education and help. Or we can provide certain support on issues such as finance, education, and construction.

Help them get rid of poverty and promote them to enter China."

Zhu Jishi nodded first, then shook his head: "I'm not willing to give up the money, but they are willing to enter China after spending the money?" His concerns make sense. There are many money spent in later generations, but the effect of national integration

I haven't seen much! Although the finances of the Ming Empire were much stronger than those of the Qing Dynasty, there was no way to compare them more than a hundred years later. It's not easy to spend millions a year to support the young people's areas, it's really possible.

it works?

He seemed to be talking to himself: "Spend money may not be useful... and there are so many Mongolian tribes, and there are millions of barbarians outside of Mongolia. How much does it cost?"

Zeng Guofan was shocked and hurriedly said, "Emperor, educating barbarians is a long-term matter and should not be rushed. I suggest helping the Mongolian tribes fall into China in batches... The heads of each tribe can choose whether to enter China by themselves.

Those who are willing to enter China can choose a place with abundant water and grass for their tribes to settle down, and the court can allocate funds to build cities for their tribes to live in, and the court can invest in schools and educate the people. The annuity obtained by the heads of each tribe is also superior to the rich.

If you enter China, the court can place its troops in a relatively barren land, and let them settle in and live in animal husbandry and do not move at will. The court will not help with any articles, and the head of the tribe must submit annual tribute in accordance with the "Villager Law".

In addition, given the limited financial resources of the imperial court, it can only accept a certain number of Mongolian tribes into China every year. More than 400 parts can enter China in 20 years, with an average of more than 20 parts per year. Each department has allocated 200,000 silver dollars in various support funds for each department at one time. It should be enough, so it will only cost more than 4 million yuan a year. The court can completely take out this money, and it is much more cost-effective than using military forces."

Zhu Jishi nodded slightly and ordered: "Weng Tonghe, remember that in the future, all vassals and autonomous leaders will not receive funding from the court unless they send troops to help the war."

Weng Tonghe quickly took out paper and pen to record Zhu Jishi's words. He knew that these words were issued to the cabinet!

"The ruler of autonomy should rely on himself in everything. If he wants to get help from the court, he can only enter China!" Zhu Jishi said again, "After entering China, the court should subsidize local governments as appropriate to develop education and promote economics. However, it must be in accordance with the obligations of the Ming Dynasty. For the relevant norms of education and the implementation of education consistent with the Han area, Chinese characters and Nanjing Mandarin should be used as the only legal languages.
Chapter completed!