On June 3, the first year of Zhou Xiande (954), Chai Rong withdrew his troops from Taiyuan and left Yao Yuanfu to cut off his descendants. He returned to Bianliang City on the 28th. He wanted to ask Feng Dao: Grand Master, can I do it? But there is no chance to let Chai Rong vent his anger. Chai Rong personally fought in the same day and left Feng Dao to preside over the construction of Guo Wei. He was seriously ill and overworked. Feng Laoxian died on April 17, and his soul traveled to the west... During the Five Dynasties, he felt that no one was worth writing to write a piece of redeem for them, except for one king and one minister. The king was Chai Rong (Wang Pu’s general and Chai Rong’s general), and the minister was Feng Dao. Let’s start...

Feng Dao's name is Kedao. It means "Tao can be told, and is very Tao" in the opening article of Lao Tzu's Tao Te Ching. Born in the second year of Zhonghe in the Tang Dynasty (882). In the previous year, Huang Chao's uprising army invaded Chang'an, and Emperor Xizong of Tang was frightened by Shu, which kicked off the prelude to the chaotic times of the Five Dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, Feng Dao came out and joined the army under Liu Shouguang, the governor of Youzhou, who was proclaimed Emperor Yan. It is estimated that Feng Dao admired Emperor Taizong of Tang very much, so he thought he could be the one.

When he was Wei Zheng, he would give Liu Shouguang various opinions from time to time. How could Liu Shouguang be able to listen to others' advice? Liu Shouguang, who was very upset by Feng Dao, threw Feng Dao into prison and planned to send Feng Dao to the road in a few days, and at the same time satisfy his wish, he went underground to serve the great dead Tian Khan (it can be seen that Feng Dao advised Chai Rong not to go to war this time, but I was just talking about being a young man and regaining his sexuality to Japan)

Feng Dao in the dead cell conducted a profound self-reflection. Isn’t it the highest spirit and task advocated by Confucianism that gave opinions to the leaders and actively helped the leaders correct their mistakes? Didn’t it be emphasized that way? Later, Liu Shouguang was defeated and Feng Dao was brought to Taiyuan by the army of the Later Tang Dynasty. He found an errand under the Taiyuan Army Supervisor Zhang Chengye. At this time, Feng Dao had changed. He changed from a passionate young man who was good at being a teacher to the Changle old we are familiar with later generations.

Feng Dao, who came to Taiyuan, came to power. Zhang Chengye recommended Feng Dao to Li Cunxu, and when Li Cunxu became Emperor Zhuangzong of Tang, Feng Dao was appointed as the Hanlin Bachelor, served as the Minister of the Ministry of Revenue.

Later, Feng Dao's father died, and Feng Dao returned to Ding's father's worries. Those who are officials were most afraid of such things. Because of a sorrow, the official will be lost. When you come back three years later, who knows what the world will be like? But this is something that Confucian scholars must abide by, otherwise they will be said to be false Taoism. Is there any exception? There is. Unless the emperor issued an order to say that you are inseparable from the important officials in the court. Just say that you are going to work for two or three months, it is called robbing love. Just like Zhang Juzheng in later generations.

However, after his death, Zhang Juzheng's love was exaggerated by his opposition to a height of extermination of the laws and human relations. Old Feng, Changle, did not want to be called unfilial by later generations like this. In addition, Feng Dao's official at that time did not reach the point where the emperor could not leave it. Therefore, historical records: When Feng Dao heard his father's death, he saw the stars on foot and walked, and his family followed him with his clothes and bags. When he heard the news in the middle of the night, he left without even wearing clothes. Feng Dao was indeed a filial son.

Three years later, he returned to Beijing. The city was replaced with the flag of the king. The emperor was Li Siyuan, the Mingzong of Tang Dynasty. So Feng Laoxian became his first prime minister. From then on, he went through five dynasties in the Tang, Jin, Liao, Han, Zhou Dynasty. Li Siyuan, Li Conghou, Li Congke, Shi Jingtang, Shi Chonggui, Yelu Deguang, Liu Zhiyuan, Liu Chengyou, Guo Wei, and Chai Rong (including Liu Shouguang and Li Cunxu in the front, a total of 12). Feng Dao was among the three ministers and was not far from the center of power. So Feng Dao was quite jealous. After a deep jealousy, he became contempt.

Xue Juzheng (912-981), the author of the old Five Dynasties, lived in the Five Dynasties most of his life. He knew it was not easy to be a minister in the Five Dynasties. The statement was fair. "The performance of Tao is ashamed of the ancients. The vastness of Tao is deeply rooted in the body of ministers." But he turned down and used a "However, he is loyal to the four dynasties and six emperors. Can he be loyal? A husband has one daughter and two husbands, and the misfortune of a man, let alone repeated mistakes." Xue Juzheng believed that Lao Feng was not a loyal minister. However, he was loyal or unfaithful. Maybe Feng Dao himself did not value it.

Ouyang Xiu of the New Five Dynasties History was not so polite: Feng Dao called himself Changle Lao and was proud. Not only was he not a loyal minister, but he was also a guy with thick skin and no idea what kind of etiquette and shame is.

When Sima Guang was in charge of Tongjian, Feng Dao was even more unbearable. "A woman followed her husband and never changed her life. The ministers served the king without any rebellion. This is the great ethics of human nature." Then he said: Although Feng Dao had some good character, all this was not worthy. Why? You served so many emperors and dynasties and had lost too much money in the great ritual. Sima Guang continued to discuss loyal ministers: I thought that loyal ministers were worried about the family as my family, and they were fatal to see danger. I should be dedicated to the country as if I were to my own small family. If the king had made mistakes, I would be strongly advised and fought hard. If the king had made mistakes, I would be exhausted and died. If the emperor had made mistakes, I would be strongly advised. If the country was defeated, I would be grateful for the country. If the country was defeated, I would be grateful for the country. If it was said, I would be easy to write in my writing. Sima Guang also knew that everyone would die.

It is unrealistic to sacrifice for the country, and it points out another way out: if the country is destroyed, if you don’t want to die, you must retire. Or you die in the mountains and forests. If you really want to be an official, don’t be a minister in the court, be a small official, and hide in the court like me. Don’t care about major affairs. In the end, Sima Guangkai scolded Feng: Lord Feng, when you were favored, you were famous as the three divisions, and you were the prime minister. When the country is good, you eat and dress well. When the country is destroyed, you will immediately be able to be well-off and welcome the new emperor. You often lead the way to persuade the advancement. The emperor is one after another, and you, Lord Feng, are rich and free, and are simply the biggest treacherous minister. Alas. Why do I feel a little sour? People are rich and free, that is their ability.

After Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang were born in the alliance between Emperor Zhenzong of Song Dynasty, the world was pacified. When they became officials, they were lucky to catch up with the more enlightened emperor Song Renzong. Moreover, the Song Dynasty was famous for being good to literati. Therefore, the disciples of saints and disciples like them had the leisure to be so happy, and the emperor had the ambition to sing the goodness of the emperor, the emperor was so good that the emperor was so kind that the emperor was so happy. We would die for the king and the country.

By the Yuan Dynasty, Hu Sansheng, a great scholar who gave Zizhi Tongjian, was exaggerated to Feng Dao's righteous indignation, "A minister with a high position cannot die if the country is destroyed. It is so important to treat his king as a passerby." But it is really strange. The Han people were already devastated in the Yuan Dynasty. Why is Hu still alive? Where is the shame? Just because he is not a minister like the prime minister, he can live with exceptions?

The Qing Dynasty was even more amazing. In "Reading the Tongjian Lun", Wang Fuzhi raised Feng Dao's crimes to an unprecedented level - Feng Dao's evil afflictions over King Zhou of Shang, and the disaster was fiercer than the thief! I really don't know how Feng Dao hurt him, and I don't know what qualifications he has to evaluate Feng Dao like this?

Back to the Song Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang and others were scolding Feng Dao for being unprepared for the barbarians and having no moral integrity, on the one hand, they also established the Later Tang, Later Jin, and Later Han dynasties established by Sha Tuo people as regular dynasties. In other words, while scolding Feng Dao, who should not work for the barbarians, they also admitted that the dynasties founded by the barbarians were legal. I really don’t know what standards they used and what position they stood? They really didn’t hurt their backs while speaking, and even said ignorantly with clarity.

According to their theory, Feng Dao should have died long ago. He should have died at least eleven times. He should have been buried with him every time the emperor was replaced. Especially when facing Yelu Deguang, he should have crossed his eyebrows and fingers, cursed him endlessly, and then led his neck to the knife, leaving a legend for the nation, and adding a number to the arrangement of their loyal ministers and filial sons. As for the people of the Central Plains at that time, they naturally had to learn from Feng Dao and buried him with him. That was a supreme honor!

Returning to Feng Dao himself, you must have a loyal king... Emperor Zhuangzong of Tang knew that the emperor who listened to operas and sang k. Be loyal to him? Then you have to be able to sing operas. Emperor Mingzong of Tang was better, but Feng Dao was not unfaithful to Emperor Mingzong of Tang. Li Conghou was too short, and it took only a month to be an emperor. Feng Dao and Li Conghou had not yet established a relationship. Maybe Li Conghou didn't remember who Feng Dao was, right? So he really couldn't be loyal. Later, Li Congke and Emperor Shi Jingtang were

The position changed, one was half of the Tang Dynasty, and the other was adopted son of Mingzong. It was difficult for the honest officials to settle family affairs, or the royal family affairs. Feng Dao cares about what he does, and who is not yours? When Yelu Deguang destroyed the Later Jin Dynasty, occupied Bianliang, and ravaged the Central Plains, Feng Dao, who had already been released from office, took the initiative to enter the capital. But he was definitely not here to fight for officials, and Feng Dao was a little afraid that Yelu Deguang would capture him back to Liao Kingdom again (When Shi Jingtang sold his country for honor, he needed to go on an envoy

Dan, express sincerity. This task must be Feng Dao. Feng Dao did not hesitate - Your Majesty was favored by the Northern Dynasties, and I was kind to you, what's wrong? This sentence left Feng Dao a credible for thousands of years. The famous modern historian Fan Wenlan made a witty word, a slave! As soon as Feng Dao left, he was kept by Yelu Deguang. Later, Feng Dao pretended to be pitiful and bought all the rewards of Yelu Deguang. Deguang was strange: Do you have a preference for collecting charcoal? Feng Dao

Tears: I am not used to the cold weather in the north, so I had to save more charcoal so that I could not freeze to death. Yelu Deguang couldn't bear it and let Feng Dao return home). Feng Dao went to Beijing this time just to do his best to do something to save people. At that time, the governors and generals could not stop the Khitans and let Yelu Deguang kill into the Central Plains. Feng Dao believed that he still had some weight in Yelu Deguang's heart. He wanted to save these people who were as cheap as ants in troubled times. Please see his answer with Yelu Deguang:

"Why did you come to see me?" said, "Why don't you have any soldiers or cities?"

Just saying "What an old man" and "no talent and no virtue, no stubborn" has become the capital for later Confucian gentlemen to criticize Feng Daokou. They are simply enemies of shame and shameless.

The next sentence is the key point. Just the words "How can the people in the world be saved?" Feng Dao saved ten thousand people with one sentence, "The Buddha can't save them at this time, but only the emperor can save them." The words "If you want to be an emperor, you have to keep these people! Only in this way can the people want you, the emperor! Justice is in the hearts of the people! No matter how people attack and belittle Feng Dao, there were countless people in the Central Plains who survived because of this sentence. When Feng Dao died, the people of Kaifeng spontaneously organized a lineup next to the road, paper money flying all over the sky, and the leaves on the roadside turned gray.

Therefore, there is no wise ruler in the Five Dynasties who can be loyal, but there is one thing that can be loyal to the people! Feng Dao did a good job in this regard. In addition to saving countless people from the alien emperor, Feng Dao gave all his salary to the village and lived in a thatched hut for many years. The soldiers snatched beautiful women and gave them some to Feng Dao. Feng Dao refused, but he really couldn't refuse, so he found another house to raise them, searched for their families, and sent them back to their hometowns to reunite.

When he was filial to his father, the old immortal personally ploughed the fields. When some villagers were sick and could not farm, he would quietly plant people in the middle of the night. In the well-off dynasty of Emperor Mingzong of Tang Dynasty, Feng Dao used the Tang Dynasty poet Nie Yizhong's "Selling new silk in February and sucking new valleys in May. The doctor got the sores in front of him, and the flesh in his heart was cut off. I wish the king's heart would turn into a candle of light. It would not shine on the silk banquet, but only shine on the escaped house" to persuade the emperor to be vigilant and righteous in times of peace and to be virtuous and righteous.

Feng Dao is really not a Confucian disciple. Confucius asked people to hide in troubled times. He didn't hide: Teacher Kong, don't lie. You led a large group of disciples to seek officials everywhere, how can we hide in? So Feng Dao emerged in the chaotic times of the Five Dynasties. And he hasn't come down for decades. I guess Confucius would be jealous when he saw this proud disciple. It is not a Confucian and Taoist. Isn't a Confucian and Taoist? Is it a very Taoist? He said that Tao can be said very well. He is a partial word and pursues the truth that can be said and done. It is neither Confucian nor Taoism, so it may be somewhat similar to the Mohist pragmatism?
Chapter completed!