Now the textile factory is divided into four main production workshops, namely: power workshop, spinning workshop, weaving workshop, and dyeing workshop. Now the first three workshops have entered the production and trial operation state, and only the dyeing workshop is still under construction. Because the dyeing workshop does not have high requirements for machines, it mainly requires a certain chemical industry foundation. Among the travelers, there are not many professional personnel in chemistry. Other rooms include employees' lounges, locker rooms, managers' offices, as well as finished warehouses, raw material warehouses, equipment warehouses, etc.

Tian Zechu led a group of people to visit each production workshop in turn and explained the situation of each production workshop to them.

Everyone paid attention to the observation that each workshop was not big, and even the machines were not filled, but they were arranged in order, and all kinds of items were placed in special locations, which looked very neat. In addition to the dyeing workshop, the other three production workshops were moving at this time, and the machines were roaring. There were large production safety codes on the entrance wall of each workshop, and there were also various slogans, such as "Safety production, safety matters", "Safety responsibility is as great as a mountain", "Everyone has responsibility for production safety", "Smoking and fireworks are strictly prohibited", etc., which were very eye-catching.

In the spinning workshop, there are some workers working on the machine. Beside the machine, there are also many spindles of yarn paper and woven cloth. Of course, there are also carts to push carts, supplying raw materials to workers, or collecting finished products, but each is in order and not messy at all. At the same time, some installation workers patrol back and forth in the workshop, observe the operating status of the machine, or guide workers' operating techniques. Even if someone comes to visit, it does not attract any attention. What should they do?

The workers in the spinning workshop and weaving workshop are basically female workers, which is also a common practice in the textile industry. However, Li Hongzhang and others noticed that the female workers were dressed very strangely, all wearing a light gray-blue tight-sleeved coat, with white sleeves on their forearms to elbows, and a white cloth hat on their heads, which almost covered all their heads, and a white mask on their face covering their mouth and nose, revealing only a pair of eyes.

In fact, the outfit of the textile female worker is Tian Zechu designed the textile uniforms that he saw in the old time and space. Because the weaver's cuffs and elbows are worn more, wearing sleeves is to reduce the wear of the uniforms. The heads are covered in the cap to prevent the head from being caught in the machine. In the old time and space, many textile factories have regulations prohibiting female employees from leaving long lengths. The fiber content in the spinning workshop and the weaving workshop is extremely large, which is extremely harmful to the human respiratory system. Therefore, wearing masks is to protect the employees' respiratory system. These assembly are all experiences accumulated over time.

After listening to Tian Zechu's explanation, Li Hongzhang and the staff of the observation team nodded frequently. It seemed that overseas Chinese were not unfamiliar with the textile industry.

Tian Zechu further explained: "At present, all the machinery and equipment used in our textile factory are purchased from France, with a total of 12 steam engines powered by 35 yarn weaving machines, 71 looms, and more than 6 spindles. In terms of employees, 104 female workers have been recruited, 80 trained, and 56 male workers have been trained. It is expected that about 20 female workers will be recruited, and after the dyeing workshop is put into production, it is expected that about 30 will be recruited. Therefore, after all the textile factory is put into production, the employees will be about 200 employees. It is expected that in about 10 days, the spinning workshop and weaving workshop can be run at full capacity, and in about one month, the dyeing workshop can be put into production."

Li Hongzhang said: "Director Tian, ​​I don't know what kind of fabric this factory can produce, the annual production of cloth and the profit?"

Tian Zechu said: "Now textile mills mainly produce cotton cloth. According to our estimates, after the textile mill operates in full-Dutch, the monthly cotton cloth will be about 60,000 to 80,000 horsepower, and the annual output will be about 150,000 to 180,000 taels of silver according to the market price. Excluding various production expenses, the gross profit is expected to be between 50,000 and 60,000 taels of silver. Of course, this is a price that does not include tax."

Li Hongzhang nodded. Although the size of this textile factory is not large, its output and price are basically reliable. Of course, he knows the market conditions of cotton cloth, which shows that overseas Chinese have conducted serious market research.

In fact, the current textile mills are just compensation for time travelers. Of course, time travelers will not only establish such a small-scale textile factory. However, time travelers still lack experience in operating textile factories, and the machines cannot rely solely on imports. Sooner or later, they must achieve self-production. Therefore, the first step is not to expand the scale, mainly to accumulate experience and train personnel, and after the official operation is three or five months, they will expand production. The preliminary plan is to double the scale of the textile mill by the end of this year, and basically the actual fabric is self-sufficient. In the next three years, the scale of the textile mill is to be expanded to more than ten times, not only to be completely self-sufficient, but also to be sold to the outside world. Of course, there is no need to tell Li Hongzhang and his party about this standardization.

At this time, a person in the observation group asked, "Can you tell us about the salary of employees in your factory?"

Tian Zechu said: "Because our textile factory has not officially started production, the current employees are all trial, with a monthly salary of 1 tael of silver. After three months, the general employees will be divided into three levels according to their technical level. First-class workers are 1.2 taels of silver, second-class workers are 1.8 taels of silver, third-class workers are 2.5 taels of silver, and then upwards are group leaders and department managers. However, no one will be promoted to these positions in a short period of time. We implement a weekly working system, one day off every week, but take turns to ensure production is constantly being carried out. The daily working time is from 6 am to 6 pm, and there is an hour of meal break at noon, and there is also a short break during the work break."

Tian Zechu's words aroused the interest of many people in the observation group, and someone immediately said, "Do you also arrange your work according to weekly?"

At this time, Qin Zheng smiled and said, "Actually, we have already implemented the Zhou work system before, but now we are just following our previous habits."

It turns out that this working system has caused quite a controversy among time travelers. The 11-hour working system, which is 6 working days a week, is not only a textile factory, but also all factories under the time traveler, implements this work arrangement, but it has been accused by many time travelers of "sweatshops", "evil capitalists", "vampires", etc. Some people ask to change it to a working system of 5 working days a week and 8-hour working hours a day, and some even ask to apply for all workers to five insurances and one fund, maternity leave, annual leave and other benefits.

But the Executive Committee finally passed the "6 working days a week, 11 hours a day" work system, and there is no other welfare except employee wages. The reason is very simple. In this era, the 11-hour working system has been considered a very relaxed work system. In European and American countries, working 12 hours a day, or even 14 hours, is a very common thing. In fact, the so-called sweatshops in the old time and space can be regarded as a very high welfare in this era.

In fact, the 8-hour working system was first proposed by the utopian socialist Robert Irving in August 1817. He understood a slogan at that time: 8 hours of labor, 8 hours of leisure, and 8 hours of rest. He regarded it as an important part of the "ideal society" system he envisioned. It also became an important requirement of the later workers' movement.

In 1877, under the strong pressure of the workers' movement, the US Congress was forced to enact an 8-hour working system law. However, American capitalists ignored this at all, and the law did not require compulsory measures, so it became a piece of paper. Although workers from various countries continued to strike and march, demanding the implementation of the 8-hour working system, they failed. The 8-hour working system was formed in major capitalist countries around the 1950s in the old time and space.

The reason why the 8-hour working system cannot be implemented in this era is very simple, because although this era has entered the era of large-scale machine production, manpower is still the most basic production labor force, and the competition of capitalism has entered the competition between countries. Whoever lags behind in this competition means being eliminated by this era. This is very clear in the political economy textbooks of the old time and space, because capitalism has developed from the stage of free competition to the stage of imperialism, and in order to stimulate the high development of its own economy, capitalists can only continuously take measures to increase labor time and labor intensity to cruelly exploit workers.

In this regard, the exploitation of the workers of the country by the later countries is cruel, because in this competition, the countries that have developed the leading position have already gained a significant lead. Therefore, if the countries that have developed the development are not technologically advanced, they can only rely on more, harder and more cruel exploitation than the countries that have developed the development.

Japan is the most typical example. In 19oo, Japan's raw silk export volume rose to the world's first place, becoming Japan's main source of foreign exchange income. However, the exhibition of Japan's textile industry was based on the almost cruel narrowing of its own employees. In the 1980s, there was a Japanese TV [Nomai Ling], which was based on the tragic experience of a group of Japanese female textile workers in 19o3 years, completely recreating the reality of the Japanese textile industry in this era.

Although time travelers have advanced technologies that are far from this era, they have suffered from the difficulties that these advanced technologies have not been transformed into productivity for a considerable period of time and can only rely on the technology of this era to complete the original accumulation. In this case, they can only narrow their workers like other countries, and implementing an 8-hour working system is basically seeking death. Otherwise, workers in other countries will work 12 hours a day, or 14 hours a day, while workers in their country only work 8 hours a day. So why should they catch up with other countries? Industrialization and modernization are not falling out of thin air from the sky, but accumulated through hard work.
Chapter completed!