"What's going on?"

"The electrons travel through the aluminum foil. Is it too thin?"

As soon as the mage finished his words, he was immediately criticized by the mage next to him: "Are you stupid? No matter how thin the aluminum foil is, it is a dense layer. No, it is atom of many layers. Since electrons can pass through, it means that there is a gap between these atoms that is farther than imagined. No, the aluminum foil is a solid, not a gas, which means... there is a gap larger than we imagined inside the atom."

The mage who was criticized silently bowed his head until he made a common sense mistake and did not dare to continue speaking.

The mages below began to discuss one after another, and their voices became louder and louder. Jia Yi tactfully stopped talking on the stage. He waited until the discussion below became smaller before he continued to speak.

"Looking at these photosensitive papers, the photosensitive paper behind the aluminum foil has the most light spots generated by electrons, and in the other directions, the number of electrons scattered is much smaller. This means that the inside of the atom is not dense, but there are a large number of voids. Of course, this may also be because the mass of the electrons is too small and the volume is too small. If you follow the model proposed by Master Bruch, that is, the mass of the atoms is evenly distributed within the atoms, you only need to leave some voids to pass through these electrons."

After listening to Jiayi's explanation, everyone slowly realized that this experiment could not explain anything. Jiayi took out another piece of gold foil and said, "When we were studying radioactive matter, we found three types of rays, one is electron, and the other two are positively charged and the other is not charged. Through experimental calculations, we can find that one of the rays is the helium nucleus that has lost its electrons. If we use this ray to hit the gold foil, what will happen?"

After listening to Jiayi’s story, your mage will focus on Jiayi’s experiment again.

The helium nucleus is an alpha ray, composed of 2 protons and 2 neutrons. Soon these rays hit the gold foil, and most of the helium nuclei passed through the gold foil, but soon, they observed the helium nucleus that was deflected by a large angle this time.

"If the mass inside the atoms are evenly distributed according to the model of Bruch's Mage, then this kind of reflection at a large angle should not exist, just like you shoot an arrow but bounced back by an ordinary piece of paper."

This situation is not impossible, but the conditions are very harsh. It takes multiple scattering to achieve this effect. The probability is far from the observed situation. The situation they have observed now is not many large-angle reflections. Thousands of particle flows only have one large-angle reflection back, but compared with the probability of multiple scattering, this probability is already very large.

"If the mass of the uniform mass in our gold atom is in the atomic nucleus, it is impossible to stop the helium atoms and the mass in the atoms, let alone eject them back. After our calculations, if we want to bombard the helium atoms, we need to concentrate all the mass in the atoms to a point."

Kaichi gave them some time to react, paused for a while before continuing: "This shows that there should be a dense nucleus inside the atom, and this nucleus concentrates most of the mass inside the atom."

"Nucleus?" a mage stood up, "If the mass is concentrated, how do electrons are distributed?"

"In my imagination, electron orbits should be like planets orbiting the sun, and electrons are constantly orbiting the nucleus. The electromagnetic force between each other maintains the electrons orbiting the nucleus, just like the gravity of the traction of the planet."

The mage below still has questions, but before he could say it, Jiayi continued: "But simple electromagnetic force cannot meet the stability requirements of the electric field force between positive and negative charges, so I think that electrons do not simply revolve around the nucleus, but are divided into energy levels and have different orbits. Electrons move around the nucleus in a circular motion on some specific possible orbits. The farther they are from the nucleus, the higher the energy; when electrons move in these orbits, the atoms do not emit or absorb energy, and only when electrons jump from one orbit to another orbit will emit or absorb energy..."

Before the other party's doubts were raised, he plugged this loophole, which made the other party feel a little uncomfortable. He said, "I have no problem for the time being", and then sat down depressedly.

What he is talking about is actually the Boer model of atoms, which is to give the atomic structure one step. When I was in middle school, the Boer model was handed in the textbook. This theory extends to the number of electrons in each orbit. The number of outermost electrons allows various electrons to reflect different properties. If the number of outermost electrons is the same, it shows similar chemical properties, which is the same family.

However, this time Jiayi did not throw this out, and he had to do it bit by bit to allow everyone to adapt slowly, and perhaps others could discover this.

In fact, in terms of quantum theory, the Boer model is of course not perfect, because electrons also have wave-particle duality, and they do not necessarily exist in the form of particles inside the atom, so there is no orbit. There is a saying that electrons are a cloud of probability inside the atom, but they will appear on orbits when they collapse, which is manifested as electrons have orbits.

But this statement is too advanced. Now even the Planck constant has not come out, and the question of bold radiation has not been completely solved. It is too early to propose this concept and it is too difficult to accept.

The reason why the Boer model is used in middle school courses is that this model is easier to understand. Although it is a classic model and has been widely circulated, it has not existed in the scientific community for a long time and was replaced by the subsequent electronic cloud model. However, this model is a good approximation until Jiayi travels through time. Although the atomic structure diagram he depicts is outdated, it is so vivid and vivid. It has always been the standard style in the minds of the public, and even represents the image of science.

Until the late 1980s, models of several electrons surrounding an atom and operating elliptical orbits were seen everywhere on the streets of China. Some textbooks even had this pattern on the covers. It was not until the late 1990s that it finally began to disappear. Perhaps someone began to realize this problem.

No matter what flaws his model has, it is already a very complete theory compared to other atomic models. However, when it is proposed now, not everyone can accept it immediately.

After Jiayi finished speaking, the mage below began to discuss the heated discussion, especially the part about electromagnetic force. However, Jiayi's proposal was too abrupt, and no one prepared in detail, and there was no fierce refutation for a while.

But some people have already vaguely felt that this theory has some shadow of wanting to overturn the Magnese equation.

When Jiayi walked down, Magnay walked over first and asked with a smile: "How do you explain the electromagnetic radiation generated by the movement of electrons around the nucleus?"

Jiayi shook his head helplessly: "This is something that cannot be explained at the moment. I just hope someone can solve it in the future. I have no idea yet."

He actually did not intend to explain. In the process of transitioning quantum states to classical electromagnetic theory, both systems have a definite corresponding state at any time.

Magnay didn't believe he had no clue. In his image, Kazui always said one point and left three points, but he just smiled and said nothing.

Magni walked over and said, "I heard that you were studying bold radiation a lot a while ago? Why are you turning to atomic structure now? You might as well focus on one aspect if you do it in the east and the west."

Jia said quickly: "I actually didn't let go of the bold radiation, this is the result of my research."

He said that, taking out a stack of manuscript paper and handed it over, which were densely filled with calculation steps.
Chapter completed!